2018年英语六级真题长难句

As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower, "The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves. The black slaves from Guinea and Angola have demanded to be well treated, threatening to refuse to have children. In fact, they sometimes take their own lives because they are treated so badly, and because they believe they will be born again, free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves."

正如她在描述孔雀花时所写的那样：“那些受到荷兰主人不善对待的印第安人，用种子来打掉他们的孩子，这样他们的孩子就不会像他们自己一样成为奴隶。来自几内亚和安哥拉的黑奴要求得到善待，威胁说要拒绝生育。事实上，他们有时会自杀，因为他们受到如此恶劣的对待，还因为他们相信自己会重生，自由地生活在自己的土地上。他们亲口告诉我的。”

Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change, where a variety of factors, not the least of which is a breakdown in the transmission of fundamental climate data to the general public, has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research.

或许科学家与公众之间沟通不畅的负面后果中最显著的例子是气候变化问题，其中多种因素——尤其是向公众传递基础气候数据方面的失败——导致了对科学家及其研究的广泛不信任和误解。

If you take a look at his biography, you can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty, specifically the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful.

如果你看一看他的传记，你就能很好地了解他的生活经历如何在他的美学理论中体现出来，特别是他将自然视为我们所发现的美的起源的方式。

These prior efforts all examined the degree to which different environmental, social, and geographic variables correlated with the number of languages found in a given location.

这些先前的研究都考察了不同的环境、社会和地理变量与在特定地点发现的语言数量相关联的程度。

"These errors no more invalidate Ms. Merian's work than do well-known misconceptions published by Charles Darwin or Isaac Newton," Dr. Etheridge wrote in a paper that argued that too many have wrongly focused on the mistakes of her work.

"这些错误并不比查尔斯·达尔文或艾萨克·牛顿所发表的著名错误观念更能使梅里安女士的作品失效，"埃瑟里奇博士在一篇论文中写道，该论文认为太多人错误地关注了她作品中的错误。

"The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(注意力缺乏多动症)(ADHD), although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes," said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Duke's Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties.

“我们确定存在注意力问题的儿童并未被诊断出患有注意力缺乏多动症（ADHD），尽管有些儿童可能患有这种疾病。我们的研究结果表明，即使是较为轻微的注意力问题也会增加学业成绩不佳的风险。” 杜克大学文理学院三一学院副院长大卫·拉宾纳表示。他的研究主要集中在多动症以及改善有注意力问题儿童学业表现的干预措施上。

Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants.

它们中的许多与调节种子在仍附着于母株时如何变得耐旱的那些相同。

"People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something," he says, "That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered."

"易受决策疲劳影响的人很可能会选择什么都不做而不是做些什么，"他说，"这并不是说风险总是好的，但它与采取行动有关，而决策疲劳无疑会导致不作为，以及决策者可能的懊恼，否则他们可能更喜欢新的行动方案，但不幸的是受到了阻碍。"

Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter "AERAGRAM," which chronicles the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says his team used a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving remnants of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was.

在记录古埃及研究协会工作的最新一期时事通讯《AERAGRAM》中报道，工程师格伦·达什表示，他的团队使用了一种新的测量方法，该方法包括寻找外壳的任何残存遗迹，以便确定原始边缘的位置。

They cited a study presented earlier this year of 249 pairs of parents and their children in which twice as many children as parents wanted rules on what parents could share.

他们引用了今年早些时候发表的一项针对249对父母及其子女的研究，在该研究中，希望对父母可以分享的内容制定规则的儿童数量是父母的两倍。

These studies are confirming, challenging and extending what's been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks.

这些研究正在证实、质疑和扩展通过更传统的方法所发现的东西，在这些方法中，人们报告他们在现实生活中的行为方式，或者参与相对简短且人为的基于实验室的任务。

Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at filtering out distractions, researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a significant decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices.

因为先前的研究已经表明，具有高智力能力的人更善于过滤掉干扰，所以研究人员认为，ACT分数高的学生不会因为使用数字设备而在表现上出现显著下降。

We believe that at least part of the problem lies in places other than the interaction between scientists and members of the media, and exists because for one thing we underestimate how difficult it is for scientists to communicate effectively with a diversity of audiences, and for another most scientists do not receive formal training in science communication.

我们认为，问题的至少部分原因不在于科学家与媒体成员之间的互动，而存在的原因一方面是我们低估了科学家与不同受众有效沟通的难度，另一方面是大多数科学家没有接受过科学传播方面的正规培训。

Unless you were prepared to pay, they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled.

除非你准备好付款，否则它们对于除了最严重残疾的人之外的任何人来说都越来越难以获得。

Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike—either doppelgangers(长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people.

机器也难以对长得非常相像的人进行调整——要么是长相极相似的人，机器难以将他们识别为两个不同的人；要么是同一个人出现在不同年龄或不同光线条件下的不同照片中，机器会错误地将其视为不同的人。

This means, for instance, a CUNY student could reasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.

这意味着，例如，一名纽约市立大学的学生有理由期望从一位著名教授那里获得与他们如果在纽约大学注册同一门课程时所获得的相同质量的教学。

That date, rounded off to 1500 AD, represents what ecologists consider to have been a major shift in the spread of species, including crops and livestock, as they began to migrate with humans from continent to continent.

那个日期，四舍五入到公元1500年，代表了生态学家认为的物种传播的一个重大转变，包括农作物和牲畜，因为它们开始随着人类从一个大陆迁移到另一个大陆。

He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues (for example, trying to form an impression of a person based on the description) or more socially neutral information (such as noting the order of details in the description).

他指出了2004年的一项经典研究，在该研究中，达特茅斯学院和哈佛大学的心理学家使用功能性磁共振成像技术来追踪17名年轻男性的大脑活动，当他们听关于人的描述时，要么专注于与社会相关的线索（例如，试图基于描述形成对一个人的印象），要么专注于更具社会中立性的信息（例如，注意描述中细节的顺序）。

Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.

此外，那些受到不足的医疗和社会护理影响的人太脆弱，无法发起针对其他形式歧视的抗议活动。

Even so, they can rarely, without subsidized support, address serious personal needs.

即便如此，没有补贴支持的情况下，他们很少能满足严重的个人需求。

Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance.

因此，由于过度工作我们变得越不平衡，在允许我们回到平衡状态的活动中就有越多价值。

So while there may be insights to be gained from matching behavior to brain activity, those insights will not necessarily lead to justice in a court of law.

因此，虽然通过将行为与大脑活动相匹配可能会获得见解，但这些见解不一定会在法庭上带来正义。

If you've ever started a sentence with, "If I were you…" or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's a scientific reason behind it.

如果你曾经以“如果我是你……”开始一个句子，或者当答案非常清晰时，却发现自己对同事在一个决定上的痛苦感到困惑，那么这背后有一个科学的原因。

What does the speaker think is an inevitable truth?

说话者认为什么是一个不可避免的事实？

Then, one day, I came across a book called In Praise of Slowness and realized that being busy is not only detrimental, but also has the danger of turning life into an endless race.

然后，有一天，我偶然发现了一本名为《慢的赞歌》的书，并意识到忙碌不仅有害，而且还有将生活变成无休止竞赛的危险。

Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to determine if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.

通过对该区域的兽群和狮子两者的卫星追踪，他们将能够确定他们的心理诡计是否将有效帮助阻止农民射杀狮子。

Whether the technology is eventually deemed reliable enough for the courts will ultimately be decided by the judges.

这项技术最终是否被认为足够可靠用于法庭，将由法官们最终决定。

M: But a recent study seems to point to the fact that when matter and anti-matter were first created, there were slightly more particles of matter, which allowed the universe we all live in to form?

M：但是最近的一项研究似乎指出这样一个事实，即当物质和反物质最初被创造出来时，物质粒子的数量略多一些，这使得我们所有人生活的宇宙得以形成？

The impact of a basic discovery on human health can be exaggerated so that the public thinks a miraculous cure is a few months to years away when in reality the significance of the study is far more limited.

一项基础发现对人类健康的影响可能被夸大，以至于公众认为一种神奇的疗法距离我们只有几个月到几年的时间，而实际上这项研究的意义要有限得多。

This is troubling as climbing Arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea-ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop which could accelerate Arctic warming.

这令人担忧，因为不断攀升的北极温度与快速的海冰损失相结合，正在创造一种新型的气候反馈循环，这种循环可能会加速北极变暖。

Steinberg pointed out that parental sharing on social media helps build communities, connect spread-out families, provide support and raise awareness around important social issues for which parents might be their children's only voice.

斯坦伯格指出，父母在社交媒体上的分享有助于建立社区、连接分散的家庭、提供支持，并提高围绕重要社会问题的意识，对于这些问题，父母可能是他们孩子唯一的发声者。

Unfortunately, pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material to the point that the basic information conveyed is obscured or at worst, obviously wrong.

不幸的是，一些科学新闻报道也会过度简化和概括其主题材料，以至于所传达的基本信息被模糊，或者最坏的情况下，明显是错误的。

The studies also ran up against many methodological challenges, the biggest of which centered on the old statistical saying—correlation does not equal causation.

这些研究也遇到了许多方法论上的挑战，其中最大的挑战集中在一句古老的统计学谚语——相关性不等于因果关系。

It's a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating how math can better meet the real-life needs of students.

这是一个没有被美国教育工作者忽视的事实，他们在数学不及格率上升的情况下，正在讨论数学如何能更好地满足学生的现实生活需求。

A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear.

机器人的外观影响其成功与人类互动的能力，这就是为什么理化学研究所-东京大学合作中心人类交互机器人研究决定开发一个看起来像一只巨大泰迪熊的机器人护士。

"For most families, it's a journey. Sometimes it goes wrong, but most of the time it doesn't," says Swanson, who recommends starting to ask children permission to post narratives or photos around ages 6 to 8.

"对于大多数家庭来说，这是一段旅程。有时会出错，但大多数时候不会，"斯旺森说，他建议在6到8岁左右开始征求孩子发布故事或照片的许可。

At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian discovered facts about plants and insects that were not previously known.

在自然史是发现的宝贵工具的时代，梅里安发现了关于植物和昆虫的、以前未知的事实。

"This study shows the importance of so-called 'non-cognitive' or soft skills in contributing to children's positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success," said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.

"这项研究显示了所谓的'非认知'或软技能在促进儿童积极同伴关系方面的重要性，而这些积极同伴关系反过来又有助于他们的学业成功，"杜克大学儿童与家庭政策中心主任肯尼斯·道奇说。

As part of the upgrading of its rail yard, Castleman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed steam visionary, is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10-kilometre line, drawing tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars.

作为其铁路货场升级的一部分，卡斯尔曼，一位发明家和自称为蒸汽梦想家的人，正在发起一场运动，以争取一列无需任何火源运行且能在现有的10公里线路上行驶的新型蒸汽火车，这列火车将吸引游客，并可能为城市通勤者提供一种替代他们汽车的绿色选择。

Steinberg and Bahareh Keith, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Florida College of Medicine, say most children will likely never experience problems related to what their parents share, but a tension still exists between parents' rights to share their experiences and their children's rights to privacy.

斯坦伯格和佛罗里达大学医学院儿科助理教授巴哈尔·基思表示，大多数孩子可能永远不会遇到与父母分享内容相关的问题，但在父母分享自己经历的权利和孩子的隐私权之间仍然存在一种紧张关系。

Foreign Accent Syndrome is rare, with only about 60 cases reported within the past century.

外国口音综合征很罕见，在过去一个世纪内仅报告了约60例。

The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful.

正是缺乏恢复期，显著地阻碍了我们集体保持韧性和成功的能力。

But on top of that, Merian, a German-born woman who lived in the Netherlands, also managed a successful career as an artist, botanist, naturalist and entomologist(昆虫学家).

但除此之外，出生于德国、生活在荷兰的女子梅里安，还成功地从事着艺术家、植物学家、博物学家和昆虫学家的职业。

A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.

在田间的一个生长季将有助于确定哪些品种（如果有的话）已准备好进行商业化。

They uncovered clues to what was going wrong by researching a fascinating subject: how birth order affects not only your personality, but also how compatible you are with your mate!

他们通过研究一个引人入胜的课题：出生顺序如何不仅影响你的性格，还影响你与伴侣的契合度，从而发现了问题所在的线索。

"The yield is never going to be high," Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa.

“产量永远不会很高，”法伦特说，因此这些植物的目标将不是那些试图从高产田中榨取更多现金的爱荷华州农民，而是那些需要帮助以在像目前南非这样的干旱中生存下来的自给自足的农民。

"We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such precision using only the tools they had," Dash writes.

“我们只能推测埃及人是如何仅用他们拥有的工具就以如此精度铺设出这些线条的，”达什写道。

As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is "the most stable state that the plant can maintain," Farrant says.

随着植物变干，这些资源首先呈现出蜂蜜的特性，然后是橡胶的特性，最后进入一种玻璃状的状态，这种状态是“植物能够维持的最稳定状态”，法兰特说。

The editor's office used to be occupied by founder DeWitt Wallace, who, along with his wife, Lila Acheson Wallace, launched Reader's Digest in 1922 with condensed articles from other publications.

编辑办公室过去由创始人德威特·华莱士占用，他和他的妻子莉拉·艾奇逊·华莱士一起，于1922年用来自其他出版物的浓缩文章创办了《读者文摘》。

What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants' response to dryness.

在过去二十年里，Farrant和其他人所发现的是，有许多基因参与复苏植物对干旱的反应。