2023年12月·第2套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析

What has the woman been thinking of doing for this summer?

意愿句I'd like to。答案信号是女方直接表达意愿的 I'd like to try renting a camper van and exploring a bit more，I'd like to（我想）这类意愿句正是“她想做什么”的落点，紧跟在 I've been thinking 之后，开门见山。

• renting a camper van and exploring a bit more↔Spending their holidays in a novel way具体做法概括为“新方式”
• instead of our usual holiday rental↔in a novel way“不走老一套”=“新方式”

• A)原词陷阱选项 Renting a car instead of driving their own. 盗用了原文 renting a camper van 里的 renting，听到“租”就想选；但她租的是 camper van（房车）不是普通 car，更没说“不开自己的车”，是把原词嫁接到一个原文没有的意思上。

  借用原文：renting a camper van

• B)原词陷阱Surfing online to check out the best deals. 里 online 确实在录音里出现过，但那是后文 Check it out online 让对方上网看这种生活方式，并非她“这个夏天想做的事”，时间点和意图都错位。

  借用原文：Check it out online

• C)偷换概念Exploring more summer holiday resorts. 借用了 exploring 和 summer holiday 的字眼，听感很熟；但她说的是 exploring a bit more（多走走看看更多地方），从没提“度假胜地 resorts”，是把模糊的“多探索”偷换成具体的“逛度假村”。

  借用原文：exploring a bit more

What do we learn about the man's grandfather from the conversation?

提到祖父那一句。答案信号就是男方亲口提到祖父的 I think my grandfather had a van like that——题目点名 grandfather，原文唯一讲祖父的就是这句，had a van 直接给出关于祖父的事实。

• my grandfather had a van like that↔He once owned a vanhad a van=owned a van

• B)未提及He was well travelled.（他见多识广 / 走过很多地方）原文从未说祖父，是无中生有；对话只说祖父有过车，没说他爱旅行，属未提及的凭空拔高。
• C)张冠李戴He did not find holiday homes appealing. 盗用了原文 It doesn't sound that appealing to me 里的 appealing；但说“不吸引人”的是男方本人对房车主意的反应，且嫌的是房车不是 holiday homes，把男方的话张冠李戴成祖父的态度。

  借用原文：It doesn't sound that appealing to me

• D)张冠李戴He did not like to be locked into one place. 盗用了 we wouldn't have to be locked into one place 的 locked into one place；但那是女方在讲房车的好处，主语是“我们”，不是祖父的喜好，人物与语境双重错位。

  借用原文：we wouldn't have to be locked into one place

What can many camper vans do nowadays according to the woman?

功能描述provide electricity。答案信号是描述具体功能的 solar panels that provide electricity——provide electricity（提供电力）直接说出房车“能做什么”，是这段功能罗列里与选项对得上的那一句。

• solar panels that provide electricity↔Generate their own electricity供电=自己发电

• A)未提及Ensure the safety of passengers. 原文整段讲的是供电、Wi-Fi、看视频这些舒适功能，从未提“保障乘客安全”，是凭常识硬加的功能，属未提及。
• B)原词陷阱Drive under any weather condition. 利用了原文 if the weather's not great 的 weather；但原文说的是“天气不好时可以看流媒体视频”，是娱乐功能，根本不是“任何天气都能开车”，把 weather 嫁接到一个原文没有的能力上。

  借用原文：if the weather's not great

• C)原词陷阱Receive instructions via computers. 盗用了原文 you can still use your computer 里的 computer；但原文是“你可以用自己的电脑”，主语是人在用电脑，不是房车“通过电脑接收指令”，把人的行为偷换成车的功能。

  借用原文：you can still use your computer

What idea does the woman find attractive?

向往句Imagine having。答案信号是女方满怀憧憬的 Imagine having that kind of freedom——Imagine having（想象一下拥有）是她表达向往的语气，紧跟其后的 freedom 就是她觉得吸引人的那一点。

• that kind of freedom to go anywhere you want and work from anywhere in the world↔Enjoying the freedom to choose where to go and work几乎逐点对应的同义改写

• A)张冠李戴Having one's basic needs covered while away from home. 盗用了原文 the basic needs like toilet and showers are covered；但说在意 basic needs 的是男方（M），不是女方，题目问的是女方觉得什么吸引人，人物错位。

  借用原文：the basic needs like toilet and showers are covered

• C)偷换概念Slowing down in one's increasingly hectic life. 借用了原文 Slow down 里的 slow down；但那是女方让激动的男方“别急、慢点说”，是对话节奏用语，根本不是她觉得吸引人的生活理念，把口语提醒偷换成人生主张。

  借用原文：Slow down

• D)张冠李戴Riding one's mountain bike on vacation. 盗用了原文 my mountain bike；但提山地车的是男方（担心装不装得下），与女方“觉得吸引人”毫无关系，人物和语境都错。

  借用原文：my mountain bike

What do we learn about the woman from the man's description?

总起定性句 + 转折强调。男方开口就给总定性 your performance has dipped，又用 But what really concerns me 的转折把重点压到"产出减少"上；"总起判断句 + But 后的强调"正是答案句信号。

• your performance has dipped↔Her job performance has worseneddipped=worsened 同义替换
• Over the past month or so↔over the past month时间范围对应

• A)原词陷阱原文确说她 late to work several times（多次迟到），A 却说 missed several important appointments（错过重要约会），盗用"several"和"迟到"的影子，把"上班迟到"偷换成"错过约会"，answer非所答。

  借用原文：You've been late to work several times these past few weeks

• C)原词陷阱原文只说她 curtailed output（产出减少），C 用了"output"原词，却擅自加上 lagged behind most of her co-workers（落后于大多数同事），原文从没拿她和同事作比较，属无中生有的范围扩大。

  借用原文：what really concerns me is your curtailed output

• D)未提及原文谈的是工作"表现/产出"下滑，D 却说 physical health has deteriorated（身体健康变差），原文男方描述中根本没提她身体生病，属未提及；这与第6题的健康选项呼应，是跨题混淆。

What does the woman say she's experiencing at the moment?

被问者应答 + I'm going through 自述。男方追问 What's going on? 后，女方的直接应答 I'm going through some unfortunate family issues 就是答案句；"被问者应答"加上 I'm going through 这种亲口陈述原因的句式，是双重定位信号。

• family issues↔problems at homefamily issues=problems at home 同义替换
• at the moment↔Some"some...issues"对"Some problems"

• A)未提及女方从没说自己有 serious health issues（严重健康问题），健康话题是借第5题 D 项的余味来混淆，原文她给的原因是家事不是身体，属未提及。
• B)过度推断Disturbance of her mind（心神不宁）原文从未出现，可能由"她状态不好"脑补出"心理问题"，但女方明说是 family issues、a personal matter，是家事而非精神疾患，属过度推断。
• D)原词陷阱D 的 curtailed output 是从男方第2段 curtailed output 原封搬来的原词，但本题问她"在经历什么"，curtailed output 是"表现"不是"原因"，且"Penalty for"（因…受罚）原文根本没有，盗原词来答非所问。

  借用原文：what really concerns me is your curtailed output

What does the man say makes his job far easier?

题干同款短语 makes my job easier。原文 It makes my job far easier 与题干 makes his job far easier 是同一短语，前一句的 your proficiency at your job 就是"It"指代的内容，定位锁这两句。

• your proficiency at your job↔The woman's work proficiencyyour=the woman's，视角转换

• B)偷换概念原文男方说 I personally really value your proficiency（看重你的熟练），B 借"value/对她的肯定"的影子说成 whole-hearted support（全心全意的支持），但让他工作轻松的是她的"熟练"不是"支持"，原文没说她全力支持他，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：I personally really value your proficiency at your job

• C)张冠李戴His engaging personality（他迷人的性格）讲的是男方自己的特质，但原文让工作轻松的是"你的熟练"即女方，C 把归属从女方错挪到男方，且"魅力"原文从未出现，属张冠李戴。
• D)张冠李戴His management capability（他的管理能力）原文从未提及，且方向反了——让工作轻松的是女方的熟练，不是男方自己的管理力，既张冠李戴又无中生有。

What agreement have the speakers reached by the end of the conversation?

请求—应允—拍板三处合一。女方提出 take the next two Mondays off，男方 Sure thing 应允，结尾再 So this is what we're going to do. You will take those days off 拍板；"请求被应允并在结尾确认"是约定题的答案信号。

• take the next two Mondays off↔be off work on the next two Mondaystake...off=be off work 同义替换
• You will take those days off↔The woman will be off work结尾确认句坐实主语是女方

• A)原词陷阱A 说 resume her work in two weeks（两周后复工），但原文女方只是休"两个周一"、并非停工两周后才回来；"two"原词在，时间概念却被偷换，且 in two months 才是再约谈时间，A 张冠时间。

  借用原文：take the next two Mondays off

• B)张冠李戴B 说 The man will be back at his 100%，但原文 What I need is for you to be back at your 100% 是男方要求"你（女方）"回到100%，主语该是女方不是男方；盗用 100% 原词却把人安反，属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：What I need is for you to be back at your 100%

• D)过度推断D 说 The man will help the woman get back to her usual self，但原文是男方期望"你会慢慢恢复"you will gradually come back to your usual self，是女方自己恢复，并非男方"帮"她；盗 usual self 原词却脑补出"帮助"，属过度推断。

  借用原文：you will gradually come back to your usual self

What does research suggest about a higher level of education?

题干原词在原文的复现句。录音里 Research suggests that higher levels of education 几乎逐字复述了题干 What does research suggest about a higher level of education 的措辞，这种'题干怎么问、原文就怎么开头'的句子就是答案句，紧跟其后的 can lead to better health and even greater longevity 即为结论。

• better health and even greater longevity↔live a healthier and longer life名词换成形容词、同义改写

• A)原词陷阱录音开头确实念到 our emotions，但那是在列举'影响健康的诸多因素'时提到的，并非说'教育能影响情绪'。选项 have an impact on our moods and emotions 把这个原词搬来，答的却不是题干问的'教育带来什么'。

  借用原文：our finances, our emotions and the way we work

• C)原词陷阱录音里 our finances 同样只是被列为'影响健康的因素'之一，原文从未说'教育能显著改善财务'。选项 improve our financial status significantly 借 finances 这个原词设套，与题干所问无关。

  借用原文：our finances, our emotions and the way we work

• D)原词陷阱录音说 the way we work 是影响健康的因素之一，并未说'教育能带来更好的工作表现'。选项 achieve better work performance 用 work 这个原词制造熟悉感，但属无中生有。

  借用原文：the way we work

What do we learn from the finding of the new research?

The team found 引出研究结论。The team found that 是典型的'结论引导句'，篇章里凡以'研究团队发现……'开头的话，几乎必是某道题的答案句；其后整句就是这项新研究的核心发现。

• a person whose spouse had a higher level of education tended to report better health↔The spouse's level of education can impact one's health'配偶教育高→健康好'概括为'配偶教育影响健康'

• A)原词陷阱录音里 health status before and after marriage 是作者明确列出的'被调整掉的其他因素'之一，意在说'即便排除它结论依然成立'，根本不是研究发现。选项 One's health tends to differ before and after marriage 反把这个被排除项当成结论。

  借用原文：adjusting for other factors, such as participants' own education, social background and health status before and after marriage

• B)原词陷阱social background 与上一项一样，是被作者 adjusting for 排除掉的干扰因素，原文没说'健康与社会背景有关'是新发现。选项 One's health status is related to one's social background 把被排除项伪装成结论。

  借用原文：adjusting for other factors, such as participants' own education, social background and health status before and after marriage

• C)偷换概念研究讲的是配偶'教育'影响健康，C 却说 The wealthier one's spouse is, the healthier one becomes，把'教育'偷换成'财富'。虽然录音后文提到教育能带来 more money 等资源，但那是教育的衍生好处，原文从未把'配偶越富→本人越健康'立为结论。

  借用原文：more money

What does the passage say about the men in the sample of the new research?

比较句 lower…than the men 反推男性更高。答案句以女性为主语作比较——Women in this sample had lower levels of education…than the men，说女性教育水平低于男性，等于反过来说男性教育水平高于女性。问 men 的题，答案藏在'拿 women 跟 men 比'的这句里，需做一次方向反推。

• Women in this sample had lower levels of education…than the men↔They had more education than their spouses'女低于男'与'男多于女'肯否方向对调、等值

• A)原词陷阱录音 lower occupational achievements 里确有 achievements 一词，但它是用来说女性'职业成就低'的，并没说男性'从事业成就中获益良多'。选项 benefited a lot from their career achievements 借 achievements 设套，且把描述对象错安到'获益'这一原文没有的意思上。

  借用原文：lower occupational achievements

• B)原词陷阱录音里与 occupation 沾边的只有 occupational achievements，原文从未说男性'对配偶的职业感兴趣'。选项 showed interest in their spouse's occupations 用 occupations 这个原词凑出一个原文没有的行为。

  借用原文：lower occupational achievements

• C)与原文相反原文恰恰在讲男女'教育与职业成就有差距'（女性更低），而 They had much in common with their spouses 说男性'与配偶有很多共同点'，方向正好相反，原文也根本没提共同点。

What is said to be a key challenge for cities prone to floods?

原句直接出现 key challenge。这句直接含题干核心名词 a key challenge for vulnerable cities around the globe，且前面有 So 引出结论，是明确的答案句信号——题干名词在录音里几乎原样出现的那一句，就是落点。

• accurately forecasting flood risks↔Forecasting flood risks accurately同词换序，意思全等

• A)未提及Eliminating their root cause 谈"消除洪水的根源"，录音通篇讲的是"理解和预报"风险，从未提到消除根源，属凭常识臆想的方向。
• C)答非所问Identifying the cities' geological features 说挑战是"识别城市地质特征"，录音里 challenge 后面跟的是"预报洪水风险"，根本没提地质特征，方向被岔开。
• D)原词陷阱Finding out the changing climate patterns 借了录音开头 Climate scientists predict 里的 climate 制造熟耳感，但那只是引出背景的"气候科学家预测"，挑战并非"弄清气候模式变化"，是典型听到原词就想选的陷阱。

For what purpose does Derek Loftis collect the data of ordinary citizens during high tides?

use those data to 引出目的。这句的 use those data to validate and improve his mathematical flooding model 正是目的信号 use… to…，to 后面的动作就是采集数据的目的，是答案句无疑。

• improve his mathematical flooding model↔To improve his mathematical flooding model几乎原句对应

• A)原词陷阱To validate his hypothesis about the gravity of floods 借了录音原词 validate and improve，但录音 validate 的宾语是"数学洪水模型"，不是"关于洪水严重性的假设"——盗了动词、换了宾语。
• B)原词陷阱To determine the frequency of high tides causing floods 盗用 high tides，但录音里 high tides 是"采集数据的时机"，目的并非"测高潮致洪的频率"，把时间状语硬说成目的。
• D)未提及To see the feasibility of his project on flooding 说目的是"看项目可行性"，录音从未提 feasibility 或"看可行性"，纯属添加。

What does the passage say is Derek Loftis's mission?

mission is to + 后文同义解释。信号句 Loftis's mission is to know where the water goes before it goes there 直接点出使命；它较抽象，录音随后用 forecast fast-moving floods in real time 把这一使命具体化，两处合起来锁定答案。

• to know where the water goes before it goes there↔To forecast rapid floods in real time形象说法换成专业说法
• forecast fast-moving floods in real time↔To forecast rapid floods in real timefast-moving=rapid，近义词替换

• A)原词陷阱To study the consequences of high tides on flooded areas 借了录音的 high tides，但录音说的使命是"实时预报"，不是"研究高潮对淹没区的后果"，study consequences 是录音没有的动作。
• B)张冠李戴To teach local citizens how to collect data of incoming floods 盗用 citizens、collect data，但录音是"市民帮他采数据"，从没说他的使命是"教市民怎么采数据"——角色与动作都被偷换。
• D)原词陷阱To classify the flooding data processed 借了录音 processing that information 里的"处理数据"概念，但录音从没说使命是"给处理过的洪水数据分类"，classify 是凭空添加的动作。

What did Loftis and his colleagues do to obtain data about water height and movement?

set up sensors + 紧跟 water height and movement。答案句信号是动作动词 set up a group of 28 Internet-connected water-level sensors，紧接着下一句出现题干的对象词 water height and movement，两句锁死"靠装传感器拿水位数据"。

• set up a group of 28 Internet-connected water-level sensors↔They set up Internet-connected water-level sensors略去数量，核心动作器材全留

• B)偷换概念They tracked the rising tides with video-cameras 看似对应录音 take photos of rising tides，但那是"市民用（手机）拍照"，不是"用 video-cameras 追踪"，且这是采图片、不是题干问的"水位与水流"数据，器材和数据类型都被换。
• C)原词陷阱They used newly-developed supercomputing facilities 借了录音 supercomputing had advanced，但录音说超算是用来"整合天气预报模型"的背景能力，不是他们获取水位数据的手段，原词被搬错了位置。
• D)未提及They observed the direction of water flow on the spot 说他们"实地观察水流方向"，录音获取水流靠的是传感器测量，从没说"实地肉眼观察方向"，属添加动作。

What does the speaker say has become something of a ritual?

标志词 ritual 紧跟其定义。答案句里 it's become something of a ritual to debate the value of a college degree 中 ritual 后面紧接的 to debate… 就是"惯例"的具体内容，标志词后面紧跟的不定式就是要听的落点。

• ritual to debate the value of a college degree↔To argue about the value of a college degree.debate 同义替换为 argue about

• B)原词陷阱录音里确有 Current Population Survey data show，B 项 To debate the validity of current survey data. 借走 survey、data 让你"听到就想选"，但原文是"数据显示"，并非"争论数据是否可信"，答非所问。

  借用原文：Current Population Survey data show

• C)张冠李戴C 项 To account for the drastic decline in employment among men. 搬来了答案句后半的 a sharp decline in employment among men without college degrees，但"成为惯例的"是前半句"争论学历价值"，"解释就业下降"是全篇要做的事、不是被称作 ritual 的那件事，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：a sharp decline in employment among men without college degrees

• D)原词陷阱D 项 To compare men without college degrees with those who have. 用了 men without college degrees compared with those who have them 的字眼，但 compared 在原文只是描述"下降"的对照背景，说话人意图并非"做对比"这件事本身，过度解读。

  借用原文：men without college degrees compared with those who have them

What did the researchers of a recent working paper consider first?

次序信号词 First 直接领出答案。First, the researchers considered the issue of wages. 里 First 就是"最先考虑"的信号，它后面紧跟的 the issue of wages 即答案落点。

• the researchers considered the issue of wages↔The factor of wages.the issue of wages 概括为 The factor of wages

• A)原词陷阱A 项 The increase in women taking up jobs. 对应录音 the increase in women participating in the workforce，但那是第 5 段"新增解释"里的内容，不是"首先考虑"的，答非所问。

  借用原文：the increase in women participating in the workforce

• B)原词陷阱B 项 The issue of changing job requirements. 指向 more jobs require a college degree today than in the past，但录音明说这是 the second theory，不是"首先"考虑的，次序错位。

  借用原文：This leads to the second theory, that more jobs require a college degree today

• D)原词陷阱D 项 The impact of inflation. 借走录音 adjusting for inflation 里的 inflation，但 inflation 在原文只是"调整通胀后"的限定语，研究者首先考虑的是 wages，不是通胀，原词陷阱。

  借用原文：adjusting for inflation

What did the recent paper identify as a new potential explanation of the problem concerning men's employment?

信号词 new、identified 领出两个新解释。They identified two new potential explanations 里 new、identified 就是"新提出"的信号，冒号后的 the tremendous decline in marriage among men without college degrees 即新解释之一。

• the tremendous decline in marriage among men without college degrees↔The sharp decline in marriage among men with no college degrees.tremendous=sharp、without=with no 同义替换

• A)原词陷阱A 项 Men's unwillingness to accept low wages in times of growing inflation. 拼接了 why fewer men seem willing to accept those wages 与 inflation，但这是第一个旧理论的内容，不是"新"解释，且原文说工资经通胀调整后"变化不大"，并非"通胀加剧"，既答非所问又与原文相反。

  借用原文：why fewer men seem willing to accept those wages

• B)原词陷阱B 项 The wage gap between those with college degrees and those without. 几乎照抄录音 the wage gap has grown between those with college degrees and those without，但那是第 3 段已有的工资理论，不是第 5 段"新提出"的，原词陷阱。

  借用原文：As the wage gap has grown between those with college degrees and those without

• C)原词陷阱C 项 More jobs requiring their holders to have a college degree nowadays. 对应 more jobs require a college degree today than in the past，但这是 the second theory（旧理论），不在"new potential explanations"之列，答非所问。

  借用原文：more jobs require a college degree today than in the past

What has a market research team found in its latest fashion and sustainability report?

主体 It found 直接领出发现。录音用 It found animal welfare came top of a list of issues that people considered before buying clothes 把调查主体的「发现」直接端出来，「It found」就是答案句的信号——题目问发现什么，跟着 found 后面那句走即可。

• animal welfare came top of a list of issues that people considered before buying clothes↔prioritize animal welfare when buying things to wearcame top=prioritize、buying clothes=things to wear

• A)偷换概念录音通篇讲 animal welfare(动物福利)和 animal-free(无动物成分)产品，从没说 protecting endangered animals(保护濒危动物)，A 把「动物福利」偷换成「濒危动物保护」，是听到 animal 就想选的诱饵。
• C)未提及录音只字未提 free animals being kept in cages(放生笼中动物)，这是凭「动物」话题联想出来的内容，原文无据。
• D)原词陷阱录音开头确有 an increasing number of people are trying to eat less meat，但那只是引出话题的背景，不是调查「发现」的内容；D becoming vegetarians 盗用了开头的「吃肉/吃素」原词来答非所问。

  借用原文：While an increasing number of people are trying to eat less meat

What have some world-renowned fashion designers done for some time?

主体词+for some time 原样复现。录音 some of the world-renowned fashion designers have avoided leather and fur for some time 把题干的主体词和 for some time 几乎原样念出，这种「题干主体词在原文复现」就是答案句信号，紧跟其后的动词 avoided 即所做之事。

• have avoided leather and fur for some time↔Avoided the use of leather and fur.近乎原词、仅补 the use of

• B)张冠李戴录音里 vegan 标签是 products registered with the vegan trademark、由 The Animal Free Product Society 与 New Look 等做的，不是高端设计师；B Labelled all their products as vegan. 把别人做的事安到设计师头上，且加了原文没有的 all。

  借用原文：products registered with the vegan trademark

• C)原词陷阱录音提到 the chemicals used for finishing them 是说做 vegan 产品要检查的环节，并未说设计师「拒用化学品」；C Refrained from using chemicals in their products. 盗用 chemicals 原词却编造了「拒用」这个原文没有的动作。

  借用原文：the chemicals used for finishing them

• D)原词陷阱录音说 some of the companies are now exploring a leather substitute and a silk replacement made from mushrooms，主体是 some companies、动作是 now exploring(正在探索)，既非「设计师长期所做」也非已经 utilized；D Utilized a silk substitute made from mushrooms. 盗用了 mushrooms 这个抢眼原词，但主体和时态都错位。

  借用原文：some of the companies are now exploring a leather substitute and a silk replacement made from mushrooms

What does the speaker say is unclear concerning vegan products?

However 转折后接 unclear。录音先说 This signifies a change，紧接 However, it is unclear whether these new products can be considered ethical——转折词 However 加存疑词 unclear 双重信号叠加，转折之后才是真意，存疑的对象 ethical 就在这句里。

• whether these new products can be considered ethical↔Whether they can be regarded as ethical.considered=regarded as 同义

• A)与原文相反录音说 This signifies a change——「这标志着一种改变」是肯定语气、已成定论，恰恰不是 unclear 的对象；A a substantial change 盗用了 change 原词，却把已确定的事说成尚不明确，正话反说。

  借用原文：This signifies a change

• B)答非所问录音整体讲 animal-free/animal welfare，但说 unclear 的那句问的是 ethical，不是 protect animals at large；B 借了全篇的「动物」话题来冒充存疑对象，原文没把「是否真护动物」列为不明确之事。
• C)原词陷阱录音只在开头报告名 fashion and sustainability report 出现过 sustainability，从未说「是否可持续」尚不明确；C sustainable 盗用了这个开头出现的原词来答非所问。

  借用原文：fashion and sustainability report

What is one of the facts stated by the speaker?

'Those are the facts' 直接点明这是事实。演讲者紧接着用 Those are the facts. 给前面一串陈述盖章为'事实'，这就是答案信号；其中 history's most peaceful era 正对应题干要的那个 fact。

• history's most peaceful era↔the most peaceful in history同义改写：词序调换、词性微调

• B)与原文相反选项说 more violence in recent years，但录音明说 violence of all kinds in steep decline（各类暴力急剧下降），方向正好相反，是把'下降'听反成'增多'。

  借用原文：violence of all kinds in steep decline

• C)与原文相反选项称 environmental welfare has worsened，但录音说每一项 environmental welfare…has improved rather than deteriorated（改善而非恶化），用 worsened 偷换了 improved，方向反了。

  借用原文：Every single measure of material and environmental welfare…has improved rather than deteriorated

• D)未提及选项说'认为世界要完蛋的信念不那么流行了'，但录音恰恰描述这种悲观信念很普遍（everything was terrible, and that the world was going to hell、第 3 段多数英法人觉得世界在变坏），从没说它在减弱，属凭空生造。

What do we learn about most British and French people in a 2015 survey for YouGov?

专名 YouGov/2015 直接领出答案句。题干的专名锚点 In a 2015 survey for YouGov 在原文原样出现，紧跟其后的 said they thought the world was getting worse 就是这群人的看法，即答案信号。

• the world was getting worse↔the world was deteriorating同义改写：getting worse = deteriorating

• A)张冠李戴选项说这群人 not in their right mind，原文确有 Nobody in their right mind should wish to have lived in a previous century，但这是演讲者自己的评论，不是调查显示这群人神志不清；把演讲者的话安到调查对象头上。

  借用原文：Nobody in their right mind should wish to have lived in a previous century.

• C)张冠李戴选项 did not wish to live in the previous century 同样取自 Nobody in their right mind should wish to have lived in a previous century，但这仍是演讲者的论断，且原文是说'没人该希望活在过去'，并非调查里这群人表达了此意愿。

  借用原文：Nobody in their right mind should wish to have lived in a previous century.

• D)与原文相反选项说他们 convinced by the statistics presented to them，但原文说按 numerous sensible statistics, these people are simply wrong——统计数据恰恰证明他们错了，他们并未被数据说服，方向相反。

  借用原文：according to numerous sensible statistics, these people are simply wrong

What does our prevailing mood of despair indicate?

归因信号 'explained as the result of'。演讲者用 It is best explained as the result of various psychological biases 明确把这股绝望情绪归因到'心理偏见'，explained as the result of 就是答案信号，其后名词即题目要的答案。

• various psychological biases↔Our psychological biases.近乎原词，仅限定词不同

• A)偷换概念选项说 The subjectivity of mass media.，原文虽提到 in a media-saturated era（媒体充斥的时代），但那只是偏见'被放大'的背景，演讲者归因的根源是心理偏见，而非'媒体的主观性'，把背景偷换成根源。

  借用原文：in a media-saturated era, constantly mislead us

• B)与原文相反选项说反映 The current state of affairs.，但原文明说这情绪 says more about us than it does about how things really are——它说的是我们自己，而非事情的真实状况，正好相反。

  借用原文：It says more about us than it does about how things really are.

• D)原词陷阱选项 Our ancestors' influence. 盗用原文 served a purpose for our evolutionary ancestors 里的 ancestors，听到这个词很想选；但原文是说偏见曾对祖先有用，演讲者把绝望情绪直接归因到'心理偏见'本身，而非'祖先的影响'。

  借用原文：that served a purpose for our evolutionary ancestors

What was a very good thing in our evolutionary past?

原句直给 'a very good thing that…'。题干 a very good thing 在原文原样出现于 it was a very good thing that our attention could be easily seized by negative information，that 从句里的内容就是那件'好事'，即答案信号。

• our attention could be easily seized by negative information↔Paying attention to negative information.被动转主动 + 概括：被攫取注意 = 关注负面信息

• A)与原文相反选项说 Spreading exciting news around us far and wide.，但原文说 Really good news…can be a lot harder to spot（好消息其实更难被注意到），且演讲者夸的是关注'坏'消息有生存价值，不是传播好消息，方向相反。

  借用原文：Really good news…can be a lot harder to spot in a newspaper

• B)原词陷阱选项 Vacuuming up depressing or enraging stories. 几乎照搬原文 vacuum up depressing or enraging stories from across the globe，听到原词极想选；但原文说这是'当今超连接时代'我们对坏消息上瘾的恶果，而非'进化过去的好事'，时间与褒贬都对不上。

  借用原文：our addiction to bad news just leads us to vacuum up depressing or enraging stories from across the globe

• C)偷换概念选项说 Calculating dangerous risks to our survival.，原文有 a dangerous risk to our own survival，但说的是负面信息可能'意味着'生存危险，故关注它是好事，并未说去'计算'风险；把'感知威胁'偷换成'计算风险'。

  借用原文：it might well indicate a dangerous risk to our own survival