英语六级 · 引导词

英语六级真题中 which 引导的从句

which 引导定语从句,指代事物;在非限制性定语从句里还能指代前面整个句子(which 前有逗号)。它与 that 的硬性区别是真题高频考点:介词提前时只能用 which(in which / of which),非限制性从句也只能用 which。

英语六级真题里 which 引导的从句共 612 处实例,覆盖 2 类从句;本页按从句类型分节,精选 48 句真题例句(出自 31 套真题卷,句长 13–129 词)。 每节先给该类型的实例计数与所属从句族入口,再逐句给出例句:高亮从句在原句中的位置,标注它在句中的功能与嵌套层级,附中文翻译、逐句解析与出处试卷; 点句卡末尾的「本句详情」可看结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态标注、考点讲解与真题高频词。

判断要点 逗号后指物一律用 which;介词后一律用 which。判断 which 指代什么时,先看它前面最近的名词,讲不通再考虑指代前面整句。

本页精选的 48 句真题例句已由懒笔记排版为 A4 打印版 PDF,可免费下载,PDF 内的真题出处链接均可点击。

01 · which

which 引导的限制性定语从句(英语六级真题 201 处,精选 24 句)

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR B2 129 词

"The fire at Notre Dame reminds us that we will always have challenges to overcome," Macron said, "Notre Dame is our history, our literature, the centre of our life. It is the standard by which we measure our distances. It's so many books, so many paintings. It's the cathedral of every French person, even those who have never visited it. This history is ours and so we will rebuild Notre Dame. It is what the French people expect; it is what our history deserves. It is our deep destiny. We will rebuild Notre Dame so it is even more beautiful than before. I want it done in the next five years. We can do it. After the time of testing comes a time of reflection and then of action."

“巴黎圣母院的火灾提醒我们,我们总会有需要克服的挑战,”马克龙说,“巴黎圣母院是我们的历史,我们的文学,我们生活的中心。它是我们衡量距离的标准。它是如此多的书籍,如此多的画作。它是每个法国人的大教堂,即使是那些从未参观过它的人。这段历史是我们的,所以我们将重建巴黎圣母院。这是法国人民所期望的;这是我们的历史所应得的。这是我们深刻的命运。我们将重建巴黎圣母院,使其比以前更美丽。我希望在未来五年内完成。我们能做到。考验之后是反思,然后是行动。”

解析

修饰 standard,which 在从句中作介词 by 的宾语,表示"通过这个标准"。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 36 词

"The habits of mind which influence the ways children approach complex problems and decisions, including financial ones, are largely determined in the first few years of life," says Dr David Whitebread, the co-author of the study.

“影响儿童处理复杂问题和作出决策(包括财务决策)方式的思维习惯,很大程度上在生命最初几年就已形成,”该研究的共同作者大卫·怀特布雷德博士说。

解析

“which influence...”修饰先行词“habits of mind”,限定具体是哪类思维习惯;“which”在从句中作“influence”的主语,因此属于限制性定语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C2 39 词

"Since young children have few monetary resources they control independently, it is the basic approaches and skills which are modelled, discussed and demonstrated by parents that are likely to be influential levers, breeding efficient habits and practices," it says.

报告称:“由于年幼儿童能够独立支配的金钱资源很少,因此,父母示范、讨论和讲解的基本方法与技能,很可能才是发挥重要影响的关键因素,有助于培养高效的习惯和做法。”

解析

该无逗号分句修饰前面的"the basic approaches and skills"。"which"在从句中作并列被动谓语"are modelled, discussed and demonstrated"的主语,因此是限制性定语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 16 词

I was presented with an image of a roadside scene over which was laid a grid.

我被展示了一幅路边场景的图像,在这幅图像上覆盖着一个网格。

解析

限制性定语从句修饰先行词 "a roadside scene"。关系词 "which" 前置了介词 "over",在从句中作介词宾语(over which = over the scene)。从句采用完全倒装结构 "over which was laid a grid",正常语序应为 "a grid was laid over which",表示 "在场景上覆盖了网格"。此从句前无逗号隔开,对先行词起限定作用,属于限制性定语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·非限制性定语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C1 31 词

Meaning was measured through a daily "purpose index", which explored the extent to which participants felt that they like what they do every day and are motivated to achieve their goals.

意义通过每日“目标指数”来衡量,该指数探究参与者在多大程度上感到他们喜欢自己每天所做的事情,并且有动力去实现自己的目标。

解析

限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"the extent"。介词"to"前置,"which"作"to"的宾语,构成"to which"结构(= to what extent)。从句主语"participants",谓语"felt"后接宾语从句"that they like…"。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 44 词

The latest example is the super blood wolf moon eclipse which sounds like the name of an emotional song I would have performed a modern dance routine to in 9th grade, but is, in fact, an astronomical event set to occur on January 20.

最新的例子是超级血狼月食,它听起来像是我九年级时会为之表演现代舞的一首情感歌曲的名字,但实际上是一个将于1月20日发生的天文事件。

解析

"which" 引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词 "eclipse",在从句中作主语。从句内部包含并列谓语 "sounds like" 和 "is",用 "but" 连接表转折。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·状语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C1 30 词

But as they reveal themselves in all their splendour this autumn, it would be a good thing if more animal lovers recognised the ways in which spiders are simply terrific.

但是当它们在今年秋天尽显其绚丽多彩时,如果更多的动物爱好者能认识到蜘蛛确实非常了不起的那些方面,那将是一件好事。

解析

"in which spiders are simply terrific" 修饰先行词 "the ways",说明“蜘蛛在哪些方面很棒”。关系词 "which" 位于介词 "in" 之后,构成 "in which",在从句中承担介词宾语功能;从句无逗号隔开,限制说明 "ways",因此是限制性定语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·状语从句 深度·第 4 层 CEFR C1 50 词

You might be surprised to learn that the benefits of friendships extend beyond people's social life and into their work, which is interesting when considering the extent to which people sacrifice friendships, or at least the time they spend with friends, because of the extended hours they're devoting to work.

你可能会惊讶地得知,友谊的益处不仅延伸到人们的社交生活,还延伸到他们的工作中。考虑到人们在多大程度上牺牲友谊,或者至少是他们花在朋友身上的时间,因为他们投入工作的时间延长了,这一点很有趣。

解析

由 "to which" 引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "the extent",说明牺牲友谊的程度。"which" 在从句中作介词 "to" 的宾语,构成 "sacrifice friendships to the extent" 的介词前置结构。从句包含插入语 "or at least the time they spend with friends",进一步限定牺牲的内容。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·宾语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C1 49 词

As Soga and his coauthors wrote in their paper, "Our results suggest that there is likely a feedback loop in which an increase in people who have negative attitudes towards nature in one generation will lead to a further increase in people with similar attitudes in the next generation."

正如Soga和他的合著者在他们的论文中所写:“我们的研究结果表明,可能存在一个反馈循环,其中某一代对自然持消极态度的人数增加,将导致下一代持类似态度的人数进一步增加。”

解析

由 "in which" 引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "feedback loop",说明反馈循环的具体机制。"which" 在从句中作介词 "in" 的宾语(= in the feedback loop),从句主干是 "an increase will lead to a further increase",结构完整。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 26 词

According to a study published in the journal Cell, the compound successfully removed deadly strains of bacteria in mice which are resistant to all known antibiotics.

根据发表在《细胞》期刊上的一项研究,这种化合物成功清除了小鼠体内对所有已知抗生素具有抗性的致命细菌菌株。

解析

"which are resistant to all known antibiotics" 由关系代词 "which" 引导,关系词在从句中作主语,谓语为 "are resistant"。从句前无逗号,限定说明前面的名词成分;从语法位置看 "which" 紧跟在 "mice" 后,修饰先行词 "mice",说明这些小鼠对所有已知抗生素都有耐药性(即用于实验的是耐药菌感染的小鼠模型)。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 17 词

It's a tendency which many scholars believe begins in childhood due to parents who overindulge their kids.

这是一种许多学者认为始于童年时期的倾向,原因是父母过度溺爱他们的孩子。

解析

限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "a tendency"。关系代词 which 在从句中充当主语,指代 tendency。从句主干为 "which begins in childhood",中间插入 "many scholars believe" 作插入语。无逗号隔开,与先行词紧密相连,删去则句意残缺。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 13 词

Nevertheless, it is arts subjects through which creativity can most obviously be fostered.

然而,正是通过人文学科,创造力才能最明显地得到培养。

解析

关系代词 which 引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "arts subjects"。which 在从句中作介词 through 的宾语(介词前置结构 through which),从句主干为 "creativity can be fostered",表示「创造力能够被培养」,through which 表示方式/途径。从句内部无其他从句,无需再递归拆分。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 嵌套父·状语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C1 21 词

The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app which tells them to avoid everyone else using the same gadget.

当每个人都在使用一款导航应用程序,而该程序告诉他们要避开其他所有使用相同设备的人时,问题就来了。

解析

"which" 指代先行词 "a navigation app",并在从句内部充当主语,谓语是 "tells";该从句限定说明是哪一种导航应用,没有逗号隔开,因此是限制性定语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C2 25 词

Which is why calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip with which to beat already vulnerable communities in developing countries.

这就是为什么呼吁以印度为范本的植物性饮食可能会提供另一种鞭子,用来抽打发展中国家本已脆弱的社区。

解析

这是一个限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "whip"。"with which" 中的 "which" 指代 "whip",在从句中作介词 "with" 的宾语。从句使用了不定式 "to beat" 表示目的或用途,完整理解为 "(a whip) with which (someone could) beat vulnerable communities"。"in developing countries" 是地点状语,修饰 "communities",属于从句的完整表达。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·状语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C1 27 词

These three pillars would allow you to keep learning complex technical subjects all your life because numeracy(计算) is the foundation upon which everything else is eventually built.

这三大支柱将使你能够终生不断学习复杂的技术学科,因为计算是最终构建其他一切的基础。

解析

该从句修饰先行词 "foundation",表示“其他一切最终建立在这个基础之上”。关系词 "which" 前有介词 "upon",构成 "upon which",在从句中作介词 "upon" 的宾语;从句内部主干为 "everything else is eventually built"。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 嵌套父·宾语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR B2 25 词

"In America there are large ants which can eat whole trees bare as a broom handle in a single night," she wrote in the description.

“在美国,有一种大型蚂蚁,它们能在一夜之间把整棵树啃得像扫帚柄一样光秃秃的,”她在描述中写道。

解析

限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "large ants",无逗号隔开。关系词 which 在从句中作主语,指代 ants,从句谓语为 "can eat",宾语 "whole trees",宾补 "bare",比较状语 "as a broom handle",时间状语 "in a single night"。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 26 词

It's a disorder in which a person experiences a sudden change to their speech so that they sound like they are speaking in a foreign accent.

这是一种障碍,在这种障碍中,一个人经历其言语的突然变化,以至于他们听起来像是在用外国口音说话。

解析

"in which" 引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "a disorder"。关系代词 "which" 作介词 "in" 的宾语,相当于 "in the disorder",从句限定说明这种障碍的具体表现。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C2 26 词

These prior efforts all examined the degree to which different environmental, social, and geographic variables correlated with the number of languages found in a given location.

这些先前的研究都考察了不同的环境、社会和地理变量与在特定地点发现的语言数量相关联的程度。

解析

这是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"the degree"。引导词"which"在介词"to"之后,整体"to which"充当从句中"correlated"的介词宾语(correlate with需要介词)。从句主语是"different environmental, social, and geographic variables",谓语是"correlated with",宾语是"the number of languages found in a given location"。从句结构完整,无逗号分隔,且限定了"degree"的具体内容,删去则"the degree"指向不明,符合限制性定语从句特征。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C2 70 词

He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues (for example, trying to form an impression of a person based on the description) or more socially neutral information (such as noting the order of details in the description).

他指出了2004年的一项经典研究,在该研究中,达特茅斯学院和哈佛大学的心理学家使用功能性磁共振成像技术来追踪17名年轻男性的大脑活动,当他们听关于人的描述时,要么专注于与社会相关的线索(例如,试图基于描述形成对一个人的印象),要么专注于更具社会中立性的信息(例如,注意描述中细节的顺序)。

解析

限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"a classic 2004 study"。关系词which前有介词in,"in which"在从句中作地点状语(= in the study),从句主干是"psychologists used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men"。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 嵌套父·表语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C1 32 词

That's why I wrote this book which is about how to reorganize the economy for the future when technology brings about destructive changes to what we used to consider high income work.

那就是为什么我写了这本书,这本书是关于当技术对我们过去认为的高收入工作带来破坏性变化时,如何为未来重组经济。

解析

which 引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "this book",前无逗号分隔。which 在从句中作主语,指代 this book。从句内部包含介词宾语从句 "how to reorganize..." 和时间状语从句 "when technology brings..."。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·宾语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C1 35 词

In the past, health experts warned us that the day would come in which it would become very difficult to provide medical care for even common problems, such as lung infection or severe sore throat.

在过去,健康专家警告我们,有一天即使是肺部感染或严重喉咙痛等常见问题也将变得很难提供医疗护理。

解析

该定语从句由"in which"引导,修饰先行词"the day","which"在从句中作介词"in"的宾语(= on that day)。从句采用"it + be + adj. + to do"形式主语结构,真正主语为"to provide medical care",整体表达"在那一天,提供医疗护理会变得困难"。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·其他成分 深度·第 5 层 CEFR C1 21 词

"There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we're digesting it," he said.

“这些事物推进的速度与我们消化它的方式之间存在不协调,”他说。

解析

该从句修饰先行词“the rate”。“which”指代“the rate”,与前置介词“at”构成“at which”,在从句中作介词宾语,表示“以这个速度”。从句限定说明是哪一种“rate”,因此是限制性定语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·宾语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C1 29 词

That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated, the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them.

这有助于解释为什么,正如“我是第一代”组织的鲁宾诺夫所指出的,这些学生最终求助的学校可能最终成为最不适合他们的学校之一。

解析

"to which"引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词"the schools","which"在从句中作介词"to"的宾语(原结构为"resort to which",介词前置)。从句主干为"these students end up resorting","end up"加动名词"resorting"构成复合谓语。无逗号隔开,限定先行词范围。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 16 词

It won't come overnight and there are limits beyond which not even science can take us.

它不会一夜之间到来,并且存在一些极限,即使科学也无法带我们超越这些极限。

解析

限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "limits"。关系词 "which" 作介词 "beyond" 的宾语,介词前置构成 "beyond which" 结构。从句采用部分倒装(not even 提前强调),完整语序应为 "science cannot take us even beyond which",表示"科学甚至无法带我们超越的(界限)"。

02 · which

which 引导的非限制性定语从句(英语六级真题 411 处,精选 24 句)

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·整句 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 26 词

This is dependent on the children receiving enough pocket money to need an app to track their spending, which research suggests is not always the case.

这取决于孩子们是否能拿到足够多的零花钱,以至于需要使用一款应用来跟踪开支;研究表明,情况并不总是如此。

解析

这是非限制性定语从句,由逗号和"which"引出,补充说明前面的整个事实。"which"指代"孩子们有足够零花钱以至于需要记账应用"这一情况,并在"is not always the case"中充当主语;"research suggests"是插入在其中的研究判断框架。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 27 词

Two proposals are before the state legislature that look to put some limits on ever-increasing rent prices, which some lawmakers say are contributing to rising homelessness rates.

州议会目前正在审议两项提案,旨在对不断上涨的租金设定一定限制。一些议员表示,租金上涨正导致无家可归率不断攀升。

解析

该非限制性定语从句由逗号隔开,补充说明前面的名词短语"ever-increasing rent prices"。"which"在关系从句的谓语"are contributing"中作主语;"some lawmakers say"是插入的评注结构,相当于"which, some lawmakers say, are contributing to rising homelessness rates",表示这是部分议员的判断。这里不能把"some lawmakers say are contributing..."另拆为独立的零引导宾语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·非限制性定语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C2 59 词

Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change, where a variety of factors, not the least of which is a breakdown in the transmission of fundamental climate data to the general public, has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research.

或许科学家与公众之间沟通不畅的负面后果中最显著的例子是气候变化问题,其中多种因素——尤其是向公众传递基础气候数据方面的失败——导致了对科学家及其研究的广泛不信任和误解。

解析

which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"a variety of factors",用逗号隔开。原结构是"a breakdown...is not the least of the factors",这里倒装为"not the least of which is a breakdown",which 作介词 of 的宾语。表语"a breakdown"前置到系动词 is 前形成倒装结构,强调"breakdown"这一因素。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 22 词

That observatory can detect different spectrums of light, which the hazy Plutonian atmosphere would be positively glowing with as it scattered sunlight.

那座天文台能够探测不同波段的光,而朦胧的冥王星大气层在散射阳光时,必定会发出强烈的光芒。

解析

该从句由逗号和关系词 "which" 引导,补充说明前面的 "different spectrums of light",因此是非限制性定语从句。关系词 "which" 位于介词 "with" 之后的隐含位置,作 "glowing with" 的介词宾语;从句内部的 "as it scattered sunlight" 是状语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 33 词

There are also some pocket-money-tracking and payment apps, such as RoosterMoney and goHenry, which are designed to be used by under-sevens, and which boast that they can help children develop good money habits.

此外,还有一些零花钱记录和支付应用,例如 RoosterMoney 和 goHenry,专为七岁以下儿童设计,并声称能够帮助孩子养成良好的金钱管理习惯。

解析

该从句由“and which”引导,与前一个非限制性定语从句并列,共同补充说明“apps”。“which”在从句中作主语,“boast”后接一个宾语从句,说明这些应用所声称的功能。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·整句 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR B2 14 词

Some have reported seeing improvements in their health, which is really rewarding to see.

有人反馈说自己的健康状况有所改善,看到这样的结果真的令人欣慰。

解析

逗号后的 "which is really rewarding to see" 是非限制性定语从句;"which" 不指代某一个具体名词,而是指代前面“有人报告健康改善”这一整件事。"which" 在从句中作主语,"to see" 是形容词 "rewarding" 的不定式补足成分。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 40 词

As well as giving you space, this time also acts as a buffer between events, which can be borrowed from, should you be held up in a prior meeting, allowing you to still get to the next one on time.

除了给你空间外,这段时间也充当事件之间的缓冲,如果你在之前的会议中被耽搁了,可以从中借用,让你仍然能够准时到达下一个会议。

解析

"which" 引导逗号后的补充性定语从句,指代前面的 "a buffer" 或更具体地指可作为缓冲的这段时间;在从句内部,"which" 是介词 "from" 的宾语,即 "borrow from which"。从句用逗号隔开,删去后主句 "this time also acts as a buffer between events" 仍完整,因此是非限制性定语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·整句 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 51 词

Lots of websites will tell you that "wolf moon" is the traditional name of the first full moon of the year in "Native American" cultures, which is kind of a weird thing to claim given that there are 573 registered Tribal Nations in the US alone today, not to mention historically.

很多网站会告诉你,“狼月”是“美洲原住民”文化中一年中第一个满月的传统名称,考虑到仅在美国如今就有573个注册的部落国家,更不用说历史上了,这是一种有点奇怪的说法。

解析

该从句由逗号后 "which" 引导,属于非限制性定语从句;"which" 在从句中作主语,谓语为 "is"。它不是限定某个单独名词,而是回指前面整个说法,即把 "wolf moon" 称为某些文化中的传统名称这一主张。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·整句 深度·第 1 层 CEFR C1 30 词

That results in an intimate connection between emotions, memories and scents, which is why memories triggered by scents are experienced as more emotional than those triggered by sight or sound.

那导致情感、记忆和气味之间的一种紧密联系,这就是为什么由气味触发的记忆比由视觉或声音触发的记忆被体验为更具情感性。

解析

which指代前面整个主句内容,在本从句中作主语,后接系动词is和表语从句why...(why引导的名词性从句作表语)。逗号隔开,属非限制性定语从句,对主句结果作补充说明。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·其他成分 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C1 46 词

Many scientists believe that earth has now entered the sixth mass extinction, with humans creating a toxic mix of habitat loss, pollution and climate change, which has already led to the loss of at least 77 species of mammals and 140 types of birds since 1500.

许多科学家认为地球现在已经进入第六次大规模灭绝,人类造成了栖息地丧失、污染和气候变化的有毒混合体,这已经导致自1500年以来至少77种哺乳动物和140种鸟类的消失。

解析

该从句由逗号后的关系代词 "which" 引导,对前面的名词短语 "a toxic mix of habitat loss, pollution and climate change" 作补充说明;"which" 在从句中充当主语,谓语为 "has already led",单数谓语 "has" 也支持其指代单数先行词 "a toxic mix"。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·状语从句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 50 词

But some people experience a powerful urge to keep eating, even after indulging in a huge meal, a behavior that makes little sense, as most adults are well-versed in the dangers of obesity, which researchers have shown correlates with innumerable health issues and is even linked to increased mortality risk.

但是有些人即使在享用了一顿大餐之后,仍然会有强烈的继续进食的欲望,这种行为没什么意义,因为大多数成年人都非常了解肥胖的危险,研究人员已经表明肥胖与无数健康问题相关,甚至与增加的死亡风险有关联。

解析

关系代词 "which" 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "obesity"。"which" 在从句中作主语,从句包含 "researchers have shown" + 省略 that 的宾语从句结构,宾语从句内有并列谓语 "correlates" 和 "is linked"。逗号将从句与主句隔开,符合非限制性定语从句特征。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C2 46 词

This anecdotal evidence matches the conclusions of the study, which found no evidence that dietary diversity promotes healthy body weight or optimal eating patterns, and limited evidence that eating a variety of foods is actually associated with consuming more calories, poor eating patterns and weight gain.

这种轶事证据与该研究的结论相符,该研究未发现饮食多样性促进健康体重或最佳饮食模式的证据,且发现有限的证据表明食用多种食物实际上与摄入更多卡路里、不良饮食模式和体重增加有关联。

解析

"which" 引导非限制性定语从句,用逗号与先行词 "the study" 隔开,"which" 在从句中作主语,指代 "the study"。从句谓语为 "found",后接两个宾语从句作为并列宾语。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C2 25 词

The ability to make inferences from same and different, once thought to be unique to humans, is viewed as a cornerstone of abstract intelligent thought.

从相同与不同中做出推断的能力,曾被认为是人类独有的,被视为抽象智能思维的基石。

解析

这是一个省略了关系词和 be 动词的非限制性定语从句,完整形式为 "which was once thought to be unique to humans",修饰前面的 "The ability to make inferences from same and different"。关系词 which 在从句中作主语,省略了 "which was",留下过去分词短语。从句说明这种能力曾被认为是人类独有的。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 32 词

That's a point reinforced by another recent study, which found that wild spaces located within urban areas—and the plants and animals that thrive in them—are particularly important for human health and well-being.

这是另一个近期研究强调的观点,该研究发现位于城市区域内的野生空间——以及在其中茁壮成长的植物和动物——对人类健康和福祉特别重要。

解析

关系代词"which"引导非限制性定语从句,前有逗号与先行词"study"隔开。"which"在从句中作主语,指代"another recent study"。从句谓语"found"后跟宾语从句"that wild spaces...are important"。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 指代对象·名词先行词 深度·第 1 层 CEFR C1 38 词

For the study, five groups of participants were presented with a different set of audio instructions, some of which encouraged the participants to think amiably about themselves and others which persuaded them to think in a self-critical manner.

在这项研究中,五组参与者被给予了不同的一套音频指令,其中一些鼓励参与者友好地看待自己,另一些则说服他们以自我批评的方式思考。

解析

"some of which" 中 "which" 指代前面的 "audio instructions",在 "of which" 中作介词宾语;整个逗号后的结构对这些音频指令作补充说明,删去后主句仍完整,属于非限制性定语从句。该从句内部包含 "some of which...and others which..." 的并列结构,共同修饰 "audio instructions"。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 43 词

One way we can check our internal biases and inconsistencies is through the social verification of knowledge, in which we test our ideas in a rigorous and systematic way to see if they make sense not just to us, but to other people.

我们可以检查我们的内在偏见和不一致之处的一种方法是通过知识的社会验证,在这个过程中我们以严谨和系统的方式测试我们的想法,看看它们不仅对我们有意义,而且对其他人也有意义。

解析

用逗号与先行词 "the social verification of knowledge" 隔开,"in which" 引导非限制性定语从句,which 在从句中作介词 in 的宾语(在这个验证过程中),对先行词作补充说明。从句内部包含目的状语 "to see..." 和宾语从句 "if they make sense..."。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C2 29 词

The overselling, he also found, was more prevalent among neuroscience studies, three quarters of which mischaracterized a mere association between music training and skills enhancement as a cause-and-effect relationship.

他还发现,过度宣传在神经科学研究中更为普遍,其中四分之三的研究将音乐训练与技能提升之间仅有的关联错误地描述为因果关系。

解析

非限制性定语从句,用逗号与先行词 "neuroscience studies" 隔开。关系代词 "which" 在介词 "of" 之后作宾语,指代 "neuroscience studies"。从句主语为 "three quarters of which"(其中四分之三),谓语为 "mischaracterized",宾语为 "a mere association between music training and skills enhancement",宾语补足语为 "as a cause-and-effect relationship"。从句补充说明了这些神经科学研究中有四分之三错误地将关联性描述为因果关系。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·整句 嵌套父·主语从句 深度·第 3 层 CEFR C2 43 词

It's quite possible they're content with how the individuals they promoted are now performing, merrily ignorant of the damage they're actually causing, which might explain why, as the researchers conclude, those same middle managers are usually unaware that they are a bad manager.

他们很有可能对自己提拔的人现在的表现感到满意,愉快地忽视着他们实际造成的损害,这或许可以解释为什么正如研究人员所总结的那样,那些相同的中层管理者通常没有意识到自己是一个糟糕的管理者。

解析

which 引导的非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主语从句的内容(即 "他们满意被提拔者表现却不知造成损害" 这一事实)。从句主干是 "which might explain...",包含宾语从句 "why... managers are unaware..." 及其内部的宾语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 33 词

If the wooden frame of the towers had caught fire, it could have sent the bells—the largest of which, the Emmanuel Bell, weighs 13 tons—crashing down, potentially causing the collapse of both towers.

如果塔楼的木制框架着火,它可能会导致钟——其中最大的伊曼纽尔钟重13吨——坠落,有可能造成两座塔楼倒塌。

解析

"the largest of which, the Emmanuel Bell, weighs 13 tons" 位于破折号之间,对前面的 "the bells" 作补充说明;关系代词 "which" 作介词 "of" 的宾语,构成 "the largest of which",不能用 "that" 替换,属于非限制性定语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·整句 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C2 66 词

So the problem with deploying machine learning and artificial intelligence in agriculture is not that scientists lack the capacity to develop programs and protocols to begin to address the biggest of growers' concerns; the problem is that in most cases, no two environments will be exactly alike, which makes the testing, validation and successful rollout of such technologies much more laborious than in most other industries.

因此,在农业中部署机器学习和人工智能的问题不在于科学家缺乏制定程序和协议以开始解决种植者最大关切的能力;问题在于在大多数情况下,没有两个环境会完全相同,这使得此类技术的测试、验证和成功推广比在大多数其他行业中要费力得多。

解析

非限制性定语从句,用逗号与先行内容隔开,由"which"引导并在从句中作主语,指代前面整个表语从句"no two environments will be exactly alike"这一事实。从句谓语为"makes",宾语"the testing, validation and rollout"后接宾补"much more laborious",带比较状语"than in most other industries"。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 23 词

They're still constrained by funders, launch providers and a series of regulations—all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do.

他们仍然受到资助者、发射提供商以及一系列法规的限制——所有这些都限制了立方体卫星开发者能做和不能做的事情。

解析

"all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do" 由破折号引出,补充说明前面的 "funders, launch providers and a series of regulations";"which" 在 "all of which" 中作介词 "of" 的宾语,整个 "all of which" 在从句中作主语,因此这是非限制性定语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·主语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C2 52 词

That's why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris.

这就是为什么这项新政策还包括更新当前美国政府轨道碎片减缓标准惯例的指示,该惯例已经要求任何发射卫星或航天器的实体必须积极分析其任何行动(无论是意外故障还是正常运行)产生更多空间碎片的可能性。

解析

which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices",与先行词用逗号隔开。which在从句中作主语,指代前面的"标准实践"。从句内部还嵌套了两个子从句:that引导的定语从句修饰entity,以及that引导的同位语从句修饰likelihood。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 42 词

Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already have—but they must also get customers engaged in the process.

企业在创建循环经济中发挥着重要作用,在循环经济中,价值的产生更少来自于开采新资源,更多来自于更好地利用我们已有的资源——但它们也必须让客户参与到这个过程中。

解析

"in which" 指回前面的名词短语 "a circular economy",并由逗号隔开,对循环经济作补充说明;"which" 是介词 "in" 的宾语,因此属于非限制性定语从句。

引导词·which 引导词功能·介词宾语 指代对象·名词先行词 嵌套父·主句 深度·第 2 层 CEFR C1 23 词

The studies also ran up against many methodological challenges, the biggest of which centered on the old statistical saying—correlation does not equal causation.

这些研究也遇到了许多方法论上的挑战,其中最大的挑战集中在一句古老的统计学谚语——相关性不等于因果关系。

解析

"the biggest of which" 中的 "which" 指代前面的 "many methodological challenges",并作介词 "of" 的宾语,构成部分关系,意思是"其中最大的一个"。该从句用逗号与先行词隔开,对这些挑战作补充说明,因此是非限制性定语从句。

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  • which 引导的限制性定语从句 201
  • which 引导的非限制性定语从句 411

英语六级真题中 which 引导的从句共标注出 612 处实例,覆盖 2 类从句:which 引导的限制性定语从句 201 处、which 引导的非限制性定语从句 411 处。本页从中精选 48 句真题例句,出自 31 套真题卷,句长 13–129 词(平均 36 词),CEFR 等级构成为 C1 34 句、C2 11 句、B2 3 句。每句以高亮标出从句在原句中的位置,标注它在句中的功能与嵌套层级,附中文翻译、逐句解析、出处试卷与卷面位置,并可进入单句详情页查看结构树逐层拆解。

FAQ · 英语六级 · which

常见问题

关于 which 引导的从句在英语六级真题中的类型分布与判断方法,最常被问到的问题。

which 在英语六级真题里引导什么从句?出现了多少次?
按懒笔记对英语六级历年真题句子的结构拆解统计,which 引导的从句实例共 612 处:which 引导的非限制性定语从句 411 处、which 引导的限制性定语从句 201 处。
怎么判断 which 引导的是什么从句?
逗号后指物一律用 which;介词后一律用 which。判断 which 指代什么时,先看它前面最近的名词,讲不通再考虑指代前面整句。
懒笔记的英语六级 which 真题例句是怎么挑选的?
懒笔记从 612 处英语六级真题实例中,优先选取句子完整、解析完备、综合推荐度高的句子,按从句类型分组共精选 48 句;每句以高亮标出从句位置,附中文翻译、结构解析与出处试卷内链。
英语六级 which 引导从句的真题例句有多长、难度是什么水平?
懒笔记精选的这 48 句英语六级 which 引导从句真题例句出自 31 套真题卷,句长 13–129 词,平均 36 词;CEFR 等级构成为 C1 34 句、C2 11 句、B2 3 句。最长的一句 129 词——这个长度的真题句通常主干后接两到三层修饰,先定位谓语动词找出主干、再逐层展开修饰,比从头顺读更快。
英语六级真题中 which 引导的从句可以下载 PDF 打印版吗?
可以,免费且无需注册。英语六级真题中 which 引导的从句精选的 48 个真题句子已排版为 A4 打印版 PDF,内容与网页版同源同数据,PDF 内的真题出处与站内链接均可点击,跳转到懒笔记对应页面。下载入口是英语六级真题中 which 引导的从句页顶部的「句子 PDF 下载」按钮。

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