2022年考研英语真题长难句

If not placing jobs at risk, to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers, those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages.

如果不将工作置于风险中，在就业保护法限制企业主解雇表现不佳的经理的程度上，这些法律会成为企业生产力的制约因素，因此也会成为工人工资的制约因素。

Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it differs so greatly from that of animals that so-called evidence of plants' intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.

植物生物学是复杂且迷人的，但它与动物生物学差异如此之大，以至于所谓的植物智能证据是不确定的，作者写道。

Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn't always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE).

某些文物特别容易受损，因为一些塑料艺术先驱并不总是知道如何正确混合材料，高分子化学家西娅·范·奥斯坦说，她在几年前退休前，在荷兰文化遗产局（RCE）工作了数十年。

The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the crucial formative experience that led them to major in biological sciences.

我所在大学的动物学项目吸引了那些因动物园参观经历成为其主修生物科学的关键成长经历的学生。

In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you're more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.

事实上，创造性解决问题的技能在日常生活中非常有用，有了这些技能，当问题出现时，你更有可能找到解决方案。

Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.

老板可以简单地给员工发出合同通知的日子早已一去不复返了。

Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful, wild creatures close to home, many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out, disturb and even hunt them down.

如果不是有在家附近观察这些美丽野生动物的机会，更多的人会因为他们的迷恋而前往野外地区去寻找、打扰甚至猎杀它们。

Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions.

企业应与信息技术、合规、风险和法律团队进行对话，以审查其隐私政策，并在讨论中纳入负责公司用户界面的客户/用户体验设计师和编码人员，以及负责注册、结账购物篮、定价和促销的营销人员和广告商。

Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA'S unjustified dismissal procedures.

高薪管理者自身也不能免受ERA不正当解雇程序所造成的损害。

Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable.

宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家尼娜·斯特罗明格并未参与这项研究，她说她希望这种效果是真实的，但不能排除一些未知的混淆变量。

It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters.

它列出了许多从法国驻西班牙军队缴获的密码文件，而这些文件的秘密已被英国总部的一名军官乔治·斯科维尔的工作所揭示。

Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.

因此——并且矛盾的是——为保护普通工人的工作而出台的法律可能正将那些工作置于风险之中。

Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study.

他们的工作也不应该仅仅被视为一种研究对象。

All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects.

所有这些都给诸如博物馆等试图保护具有重要文化意义物品的机构带来了巨大麻烦。

It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.

它也是一场密码制定者与密码破解者之间的较量，而这一点甚至对许多熟读该时期历史的人来说都是未知的。

Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.

正如密码破译在西班牙的斗争中具有更广泛的相关性一样，他在晋升阶梯上向上发展的尝试也充分说明了英国社会的情况。

Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports.

尽管伦理课在世界各地很常见，但科学家们不确定它们的课程是否真的能改变行为；无论哪种方式的证据都很薄弱，依赖于人为设计的实验室测试或有时不可靠的自我报告。

As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.

当最新一批学生填写他们的本科申请表并权衡他们的选择时，或许值得思考的是学位的意义、目的和价值究竟发生了怎样的变化，以及Z世代在开始他们教育旅程的第三阶段时需要考虑什么。

She uses outdated research and decades-old examples to undermine the noble mission of organizations committed to connecting children to a world beyond their own.

她使用过时的研究和数十年前的例子来破坏致力于将儿童与他们自己之外的世界联系起来的组织的崇高使命。

Even more surprising is that more than half of "unretirees"—those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring—said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.

更令人惊讶的是，超过一半的“未退休者”——那些计划退休后工作或退休后重返工作岗位的人——表示，即使他们有足够的钱定居，他们也会在晚年就业，调查显示。

Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role.

他认为，最不令人振奋的是理性论证，尽管他的合著者说理性可能发挥更大的作用。

Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to "roach motel", where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.

布里格努尔识别出12种常见的黑暗模式，范围从误导和隐藏成本到“蟑螂汽车旅馆”，其中用户体验在开始时似乎简单直观，但当用户试图退出时变得困难。

It has been estimated that this generation, due to the pressures of technology, the wish for personal fulfilment and desire for diversity, will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers.

据估计，由于科技带来的压力、对个人成就的渴望以及对多样性的追求，这一代人在他们的职业生涯中将为17个不同的雇主工作，并拥有5种不同的职业。

Plants can't run away from danger, so investing energy in a body system which recognizes a threat and can feel pain would be a very poor evolutionary strategy, according to the article.

植物不能逃离危险，所以将能量投入到一个能识别威胁并能感受疼痛的身体系统中会是一个非常糟糕的进化策略，根据这篇文章。

Zoos are, in that sense, similar to natural history and archeology museums, serving to satisfy our need for contact with these living creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbed in their natural environments.

从这个意义上说，动物园类似于自然历史和考古博物馆，它们用来满足我们与这些生物接触的需求，同时让绝大多数生物在其自然环境中不受干扰。

The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand's Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause.

新西兰2000年雇佣关系法（ERA）的个人申诉条款禁止雇主无正当理由解雇雇员。

As science and technology progressed, and divided into more sub-disciplines, the centre was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists, writers and poets, and vice versa.

随着科学技术的进步，并细分为更多的子学科，该中心同时展望一个时代，那时顶尖研究人员也可以是艺术家、作家和诗人，反之亦然。

Indeed, in "An International Perspective on New Zealand's Productivity Paradox" (2014), the Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth record.

实际上，在《新西兰生产率悖论的国际视角》（2014年）一文中，生产力委员会挑出管理能力的低质量作为该国生产率增长不佳记录的一个原因。

Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester—nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.

然后，学生们不知道的是，研究人员研究了他们那学期的匿名饭卡购买记录——近14000张收据，涉及近500名学生。

Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening, with Generation Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors, even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset.

值得庆幸的是，有迹象表明这已经在发生，Z世代正试图向千禧一代的前辈学习，即使父母和教师仍然倾向于坚持学位思维。

If, like most writers these days, you're holding down a job to pay the bills, it's not easy to find the time to write.

如果你像如今大多数作家一样，正做着一份工作来支付账单，那么找到写作的时间并不容易。

Though plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that hinted at consciousness, researchers previously reported.

尽管植物没有大脑，但研究人员此前报告称，它们茎和叶中电信号的触发仍然引发了暗示意识的反应。

I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman's appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.

我渴望阅读更多内容，但惊讶地发现阿曼1914年发表的附录是唯一被认为关于这场秘密战争的已撰写内容。

The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again.

这个动作会让你想起该活动带给你的乐趣，并让你的肌肉为当你能再次出去时做好准备。

"I'm excited about our progress," says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based Nest Fresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat.

"我对我们的进展感到兴奋，"布朗说，他为总部位于丹佛的Nest Fresh Eggs公司收获鸡蛋，并正在添加更多覆盖作物，这些作物吸引蠕虫和蟋蟀供鸡食用。

For those for whom a degree is the desired route, consider that this may well be the first of many.

对于那些将学位视为理想途径的人来说，要考虑到这很可能是众多途径中的第一个。

This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.

这并不是说获得学位没有意义，而是强调学位并不适合所有人，从教室到讲堂的转变并非不可避免，并且还有其他选择可用。

In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that "ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. The regulations aim to ban dark patterns—this means prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out."

在三月，加利福尼亚州总检察长宣布批准了加利福尼亚消费者隐私法（CCPA）下的额外法规，该法规“确保消费者在寻求行使其数据隐私权时不会被混淆或误导。这些法规旨在禁止黑暗模式——这意味着禁止公司使用混淆性语言或不必要的步骤，例如强迫他们点击多个屏幕或听取他们不应该选择退出的原因。”

More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.

更多美国人选择在退休后继续工作，这一日益增长的趋势可能会颠覆旧的劳动力模式。

Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements but also to industry best practices and standards.

暗模式也可以在自我监管的基础上得到解决，但只有当组织不仅对法律要求负责，而且对行业最佳实践和标准负责时才可以。

Such improvements "allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers."

这样的改进“使我们的母鸡能够觅食更高质量的天然饲料，这将对土地、母鸡以及我们供应给客户的鸡蛋有益。”

John Fraser: Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.

约翰·弗雷泽：马里斯歪曲了我们的研究结果，这些研究结果实际上证明了动物园是人与自然之间不可或缺的纽带。

Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals' wellbeing.

动物园应该已经被关闭，因为它们将赚钱置于动物福利之上。

Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.

严格的解雇规定对生产率增长有不利影响，并阻碍繁荣和整体福祉。

Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials, and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.

光线的变化、你的绘画材料的局限性以及经验和技巧的缺乏意味着你开始试图实现的目标可能不会以你预期的方式呈现出来。

Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth.

不幸的是，许多选择退休后继续工作的人正准备这样做，因为他们担心在晚年难以维持生计，巴尔的摩金融规划公司Facet Wealth的联合创始人Brent Weiss说。

But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent—and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks.

但是在讨论肉类伦理的学生受试者中，包含肉类的膳食购买量从52%下降到45%——并且这种效果在研究持续的几周内保持稳定。

Such farming also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).

这种 farming 也带来即使有的话也是最小的对食品的改进（尽管一些生产商说他们的鸡蛋有更多蛋白质）。

The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering.

鸡蛋行业的推动是第一个重大测试，测试的是来自再生农场的动物产品能否成为下一个高端产品。

But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives.

但是这些条款在适用于高薪经理和高管时给企业带来了困难。