考研英语真题精讲句 Top 100

Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

从最后一段中可以推断出下列哪一项？

Sir John Reith said that it would end "isolation of the spirit" and rejoiced: "It does not matter how many thousands may be listening, there is always enough for others…the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously."

约翰·里斯爵士说这将结束“精神上的孤立”，并欣喜道：“无论有几千人在听都没关系，总有足够的（内容）给其他人……天才和傻瓜，富人和穷人都在同时收听。”

A return to that version of scientific literacy, which focused more on teaching what science is and how it works and less on memorizing scientific facts, seems like something society today desperately needs.

回归到那种科学素养的版本，即更侧重于教授科学是什么以及它如何运作，而较少侧重于记忆科学事实，这似乎是当今社会迫切需要的东西。

What can be learned about donkeys from Paragraph 1?

从第一段中能了解到关于驴的什么内容？

The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected without fire suppression.

NAFSN的地点经历了如果没有火灾抑制本会预期的火灾数量的不到四分之一。

What can be inferred about modern firefighting?

关于现代消防，可以推断出什么？

Tracing the history of the term, we can see how the definition of scientific literacy has shifted over time, muddying the waters when it comes to determining the goals of science education.

追溯该术语的历史，我们可以看到科学素养的定义是如何随时间变化的，这使得在确定科学教育目标方面情况变得复杂。

What can be learnt about wireless from Sir John Reith?

从约翰·里斯爵士那里能学到关于无线的什么东西？

It wasn't until the phrase "scientific literacy" came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.

直到“科学素养”这个词在20世纪40年代出现，科学才有了它所需要的强有力的口号来引起公众注意，并使改进科学教育成为一个重要的国家目标。

The fact that fires happened so often meant they couldn't have been severe enough to kill most trees.

火灾发生如此频繁这一事实意味着它们不可能严重到足以杀死大多数树木。

Not only does understanding the equines' genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet's environment, write the authors.

作者写道，了解马匹的基因构成不仅有助于揭示它们对人类历史的贡献，而且随着气候变化改变地球环境，这还可能改善它们未来的管理。

Educators advanced the idea of having students complete detailed laboratory exercises in high schools in the belief that such work was beneficial primarily as a way to enhance logical reasoning and observational skills.

教育工作者提出了让学生在高中完成详细的实验室练习的想法，其信念是这种工作主要作为增强逻辑推理和观察技能的一种方式是有益的。

But outside those narrow pools of interest, a vast ocean awaits, bountiful with simmering ideas, mental adventure and imaginative refreshment.

但在那些狭窄的兴趣池之外，一片广阔的海洋在等待着，充满了酝酿中的想法、精神冒险和富有想象力的提神之物。

Most of us strive for self-respect — to see ourselves in a positive light, to be proud of who we are.

我们大多数人都追求自尊——以积极的眼光看待自己，为自己是谁而感到自豪。

Back then platforms such as Netflix, Amazon and Apple TV hemorrhaged billions of dollars to generate content to attract new subscribers, resulting in 633 scripted series being released that year.

当时，诸如Netflix、亚马逊和Apple TV等平台耗费了数十亿美元来创作内容以吸引新用户，导致那一年有633部有剧本的系列剧被发布。

Recent decades have seen science move into a convention where engagement in the subject can only be done through institutions such as a university.

近几十年来，科学已经进入一种惯例，即只有通过诸如大学这样的机构才能参与这一学科。

Butterflies may not pollinate as many plants as wild bees and hoverflies, but because British butterflies are the best-studied group of insects in the world, they are an extremely useful indicator of the wider declines in flying insects.

蝴蝶可能不像野生蜜蜂和食蚜蝇那样为那么多植物授粉，但因为英国蝴蝶是世界上研究最充分的昆虫群体，所以它们是飞行昆虫更广泛减少的一个极其有用的指标。

But in other places, nighttime temperatures or humidity might be as important a gauge of risk as daytime highs.

但在其他地方，夜间温度或湿度可能和白天高温一样是衡量风险的重要指标。

But demonstrating the efficacy of science will be crucial if we are to solve humanity's greatest challenges.

但是证明科学的有效性对于我们解决人类最大的挑战来说将是至关重要的。

The randomised control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils aged nine and ten—at 45 state primary schools that had not been "previously exposed to RSC pedagogy".

这项随机对照试验涉及数百名9岁和10岁的五年级学生——在45所之前未‘接触过RSC教学法’的公立小学中。

This clash highlights an ongoing struggle between the organic, user-driven evolution of public spaces and the desire for a visually curated and controlled urban environment.

这场冲突凸显了公共空间的有机、用户驱动的演变与对视觉上精心策划和受控制的城市环境的渴望之间的持续斗争。

But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners: pirates that use software to rip a film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own, illegitimate services, which rake in about $2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.

但流媒体时代对一些意外赢家来说是福音：那些使用软件在几秒钟内从合法在线视频平台上窃取电影或电视节目，并在自己的非法服务上托管这些内容的盗版者，这些非法服务每年从广告和订阅中获得约20亿美元。

Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise—yet there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health.

重要得多的是我们生活、工作和社交的场所——然而，目前并没有清晰的跨政府策略来改善这些健康的社会决定因素。

This must begin with the question of how we maximise the health of the nation, rather than "fix" the NHS.

这必须从我们如何最大限度地提高国民健康的问题开始，而不是“修复”国民健康服务体系。

A Reddit webpage devoted to the phenomenon, boasting nearly 50,000 members, showcases images of local desire paths adorned with signs instructing pedestrians to adhere to designated walkways, underscoring the rebellious nature inherent in these human-made tracks.

一个致力于该现象的Reddit网页，拥有近5万名成员，展示了当地“欲望小径”的图片，这些小径上装饰着指示行人遵守指定人行道的标志，突显了这些人造小径中固有的叛逆性质。

Which of the following is emphasized in the text?

下列哪一项在文本中被强调？

Which of the following statements would the author agree with?

作者会同意下列哪个陈述？

The example of Green in Paragraph 5 is used to illustrate ________.

第5段中格林的例子被用来阐明________。

There are many understandable reasons why you might find it difficult to ask for help when you need it.

当你需要帮助时，你可能会发现寻求帮助很困难，这有许多可以理解的原因。

Britain has relatively few butterfly species compared with mainland Europe and 80% are in decline, mostly because intensive chemical farming has reduced many species to tiny fragments of habitat and small nature reserves.

与欧洲大陆相比，英国蝴蝶物种相对较少，且80%的物种正在减少，主要原因是集约化化学农业已将许多物种的栖息地缩小为微小的碎片和小型自然保护区。

The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has landed a scholarly punch after groundbreaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children's literacy and emotional development.

来自埃文河畔斯特拉特福的文法学校男孩已经取得了学术性的突破，在开创性研究表明莎士比亚确实有益于儿童的读写能力和情感发展之后。

Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces, these routes of collective disobedience cut corners, bisect lawns and cross hills, representing the natural capability of people (and animals) to go from point A to point B most effectively.

这些集体抗命的路径，常表现为穿过原本整洁绿地的踩踏泥径，抄近路、分割草坪并翻越山丘，代表着人（和动物）从A点到B点最有效地行进的自然能力。

The Nagpur project has already created a risk and vulnerability map, which enabled Kotharkar to tell officials which neighborhoods to focus on in the event of a heat wave this summer.

那格浦尔项目已经创建了一张风险和脆弱性地图，这使得科塔卡尔能够告诉官员们在今年夏天热浪发生时应重点关注哪些社区。

Ever since taking on Netflix Inc. at its own game, old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming, with the likes of Disney+, Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions of dollars each year, sparking concerns that the services will never be as profitable as cable once was.

自从在网飞公司的主场与其较量以来，旧好莱坞一直在流媒体领域难以盈利，迪士尼+、孔雀和派拉蒙+等公司每年亏损数十亿美元，引发了这些服务将永远无法像有线电视曾经那样盈利的担忧。

It is estimated, for example, that healthcare accounts for only about 20% of health outcomes.

例如，据估计医疗保健仅占健康结果的约20%。

It is unarguable that our laboratories, scientific instruments, rockets and satellites—the tools we scientists need to measure the planet's pulse—demand significant amounts of energy both in their construction and operation.

无可争辩的是，我们的实验室、科学仪器、火箭和卫星——这些我们科学家用来测量地球脉搏所需的工具——在其建造和运行过程中都需要大量的能源。

These groups of people are part of a rapidly expanding biotechnological social movement of citizen scientists and professional scientists seeking to take discovery out of institutions and put it into the hands of anyone with the enthusiasm.

这些人群是一个快速发展的生物技术社会运动的一部分，该运动由公民科学家和专业科学家组成，他们寻求将发现从机构中带出来，并将其交到任何有热情的人手中。

With no video production costs, illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%, according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA), a trade group representing Hollywood studios that's working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.

由于没有视频制作成本，非法流媒体网站已经实现了接近90%的利润率，根据代表好莱坞制片厂的行业组织——电影协会（MPA）的说法，该组织正致力于打击近年来大量涌现的非法平台。

And while you might fear coming across as incompetent, there's actually research that shows that advice-seekers are perceived as more competent, not less.

并且虽然你可能害怕给人留下不称职的印象，但实际上有研究表明寻求建议的人被认为更称职，而不是更不称职。

High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship, says Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.

通过课外活动对其社区产生强烈积极影响的高中生可能会给大学留下深刻印象并获得奖学金，Erica Gwyn说，她曾是一所公立高中的数学和科学精英项目助理，现在是位于亚特兰大的万花筒职业学院的执行董事，该学院是一个非营利组织。

Why are people who live within a day's drive of London entitled to go and see the Elgin Marbles whenever they want, but the people of Athens aren't?

为什么住在伦敦一日车程范围内的人有权随时去看埃尔金大理石雕，而雅典人却不能呢？

To those of you in the comments section who are having strong feelings about artifacts being removed from cities in the U.S. and Britain and returned to their countries of origin, I would ask you to consider why do you think Americans have more of a right to easily access the Benin Bronzes than the people of Nigeria?

致那些在评论区对文物从美国和英国的城市被移出并送回其原产国怀有强烈感受的你们，我想问你们思考一下为什么你们认为美国人比尼日利亚人民更有权利轻松接触贝宁青铜器？

One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.

确实似乎有效的一件事是要求司机亲自到场进行驾照更新登记。

"Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports, while a few consider a report a breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality," she counseled.

"一些州要求医生报告，另一些州允许但不强制报告，而少数州认为报告是对保密性的违反。如果医生未按照州关于报告和保密性的法律行事，可能会有责任和处罚，"她建议道。

This abrupt shift to an "intensive mothering narrative", which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful.

这种突然转向“密集型母职叙事”的转变，表明母亲应独自承担育儿责任，这可能是有害的。

While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.

虽然联邦贸易委员会正在尽其所能确保应用程序在处理消费者敏感健康信息方面遵守对消费者的承诺，但这些健康应用程序进入市场的速度表明这是一个多么巨大的挑战。

Its enforcement needs strengthening.

它的执行需要加强。

It is too easy, and misleading, to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.

把这样的法庭裁决仅仅看作是为土地所有者的权利挺身而出，而其后果对邻居来说可能是如此严重，这太容易且具有误导性了。

Having said that, I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should, in fact, be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan, legally purchased, or obtained by treaty.

话虽如此，我确实认为，任何进入公共博物馆的文物，事实上都应被认可为是通过租借、合法购买或条约获得的。

Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists, highway administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.

老年病学家伊丽莎白·杜根表示，保障老年驾驶员安全这一问题的部分原因在于，不同专业领域的人士（包括老年病学家、高速公路管理官员、汽车工程师及其他人员）关注点不同，导致这些困难被零散地解决。

Not only will this foster political and social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.

这不仅会助长政治和社会动荡，而且正如科伊尔所指出的，它可能会阻碍区域经济增长所需的各类人工智能技术。

After writing two books about the history of inventions, one thing I've learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype, it's the cheap technologies that change the world.

在撰写了两本关于发明史的书籍之后，我学到的一件事是：虽然是那些令人着迷的复杂技术获得了所有的关注，但却是廉价技术改变了世界。

Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can't turn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.

初级保健提供者手头工作繁忙，可能无法对那些驾驶有困难的患者进行后续跟进，因为他们不能转动头部、记不住要去哪里——或者变得更矮了，并且没有充分调整座椅设置以轻松够到汽车踏板。

The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters, filtering pollutants from water, and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.

浅水区为数百种物种提供栖息地，同时储存洪水、过滤水中污染物并保护附近社区免受潜在破坏性的风暴潮影响。

If your conclusion is that the West is better able to preserve these artifacts, think about why you're assuming that to be true.

如果你的结论是西方更有能力保护这些文物，那么思考一下你为什么认为这是真的。

Perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.

或许博物馆和政府可以探索将几乎精确的复制品的使用作为解决与归还艺术品和古物相关问题的一种手段的某种作用。

The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost—and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.

古腾堡印刷机改变了文明，不是通过改变书写的本质，而是通过改变其成本——并且如果没有书写表面价格的同步下降，它本不会有什么成就，这要归功于一种常被忽视的名为纸张的技术。

One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it's time to turn over the keys.

让不安全的老年司机远离道路的最大挑战之一是说服他们是时候交出钥匙了。

As a result, these structures became important centres for cultural exchange and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, as well as taking knowledge with them, greatly influencing the development of several civilisations.

因此，这些结构成为了文化交流和互动的重要中心，旅行者分享他们的文化、思想和信仰，同时也带走知识，极大地影响了几个文明的发展。

Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, "that does not mean it will be taught", he says.

即使一个州在其科学标准方面被认为是表现优秀的，“那并不意味着它会被教授”，他说。

Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.

布兰奇指出，即使越来越多的官方指南和教科书反映了关于气候变化的科学共识，传达更多有偏见观点的非官方教育材料正在被分发给教师。

A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher.

去年由国家科学教育中心（一个由科学家和教师组成的非营利组织）开展的一项研究，该研究调查了全国各地的州立公立学校如何在科学课堂上应对气候变化，仅给美国半数州打了B+或更高的等级。

Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.

在10个表现最差的州中，有一些人口最多的州，包括得克萨斯州，该州被给予最低等级（F），并且因其教科书在其他地方广泛销售而具有不成比例的影响力。

Another issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in high schools—it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry.

另一个问题是，虽然气候变化被很好地整合到一些学科和某些年龄段中——例如高中的地球与空间科学——但在幼儿的课程以及更广泛教授的学科（如生物学和化学）中，它的代表性并不那么高。

Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it's those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff's passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.

大名鼎鼎的企鹅兰登书屋作者可能会受一点影响，但正是那些中游作家，他们通常依靠水石书店员工推广小众作家书籍的热情，将会祈祷这场争端的结束。

"I don't believe that the legal protection would have happened in the time frame that it did without those images," says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.

“我不相信如果没有那些图像，法律保护会在当时的时间框架内发生，”希瑟·汉森说，她是《先知与大亨、护林员与流氓、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局的100年》的记者和作者。

Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals' wellbeing.

动物园应该已经被关闭，因为它们将赚钱置于动物福利之上。

Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it differs so greatly from that of animals that so-called evidence of plants' intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.

植物生物学是复杂且迷人的，但它与动物生物学差异如此之大，以至于所谓的植物智能证据是不确定的，作者写道。

Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.

因此——并且矛盾的是——为保护普通工人的工作而出台的法律可能正将那些工作置于风险之中。

Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study.

他们的工作也不应该仅仅被视为一种研究对象。

If not placing jobs at risk, to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers, those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages.

如果不将工作置于风险中，在就业保护法限制企业主解雇表现不佳的经理的程度上，这些法律会成为企业生产力的制约因素，因此也会成为工人工资的制约因素。

The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the crucial formative experience that led them to major in biological sciences.

我所在大学的动物学项目吸引了那些因动物园参观经历成为其主修生物科学的关键成长经历的学生。

In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you're more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.

事实上，创造性解决问题的技能在日常生活中非常有用，有了这些技能，当问题出现时，你更有可能找到解决方案。

Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.

老板可以简单地给员工发出合同通知的日子早已一去不复返了。

All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects.

所有这些都给诸如博物馆等试图保护具有重要文化意义物品的机构带来了巨大麻烦。

Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful, wild creatures close to home, many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out, disturb and even hunt them down.

如果不是有在家附近观察这些美丽野生动物的机会，更多的人会因为他们的迷恋而前往野外地区去寻找、打扰甚至猎杀它们。

Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions.

企业应与信息技术、合规、风险和法律团队进行对话，以审查其隐私政策，并在讨论中纳入负责公司用户界面的客户/用户体验设计师和编码人员，以及负责注册、结账购物篮、定价和促销的营销人员和广告商。

As a fellow environmentalist, animal-protection advocate and longtime vegetarian, I could properly be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos.

作为一名 fellow 环保主义者、动物保护倡导者和长期素食者，我在动物园问题上本可以和艾玛·马里斯站在同一阵营。

Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.

严格的解雇规定对生产率增长有不利影响，并阻碍繁荣和整体福祉。

However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.

然而，有充分的理由认为，那些受工业行动影响最严重的人应该因他们所遭受的扰乱而获得赔偿。

For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are.

对于个体公司而言，诱惑总是解雇那些技能不再被需要的工人，并用那些技能被需要的工人取代他们。

We're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive.

我们相当擅长基于第一印象、从瞥一眼照片到五分钟互动的少量经验片段来评判他人，而且深思熟虑不仅可能是多余的，还可能是干扰性的。

Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression.

安巴迪怀疑，深思熟虑使他们专注于生动但具有误导性的线索，例如某些手势或话语，而不是让微妙信号的复杂相互作用形成整体印象。

That's why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the Internet.

这就是为什么一直存在如此强烈的规则需求，这些规则将阻止宽带提供商在线挑选赢家和输家，维护作为互联网生命线的自由和创新。

It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it's still an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.

它可能是一个见多识广、研究充分的观点，但它仍然是一个观点，所以要试探性地谈论，并略微降低你的信心表达。

Given their combined market value of more than $5.5 trillion, rifling through such small deals—many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise—might seem beside the point.

考虑到它们超过5.5万亿美元的总市值，仔细检查这些小型交易——其中许多远不如Wunderlist和Sunrise那么知名——可能似乎离题了。

"There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does," says Pedro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer science professor at the University of Washington.

“有实验表明，自然地，访谈的结果比人工智能所做的要偏颇得多。”佩德罗·多明戈斯说，他是《终极算法：寻求终极学习机器将如何重塑我们的世界》的作者，同时也是华盛顿大学的计算机科学教授。

Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody's guess.

这项研究是否在其他地方适用，谁也说不准。

What can we learn from the last paragraph?

我们能从最后一段中学到什么？

They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.

他们注意到，随着大约一百年将我们分隔的岁月通过我们共同的笑声体验逐渐消逝，维多利亚时代的人们突然似乎变得更具人性了。

The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.

当相机履行其神奇职责时，保持固定笑容的想法太难以想象，因此一种不置可否的茫然凝视成为了常态。

And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students, the student culture becomes the chief socializing force for new postgraduate students, with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution-this was seen in America as well as in France, Italy, West Germany, and Japan.

并且如果研究生人数也迅速增长，并且师生之间紧密的师徒关系有所丧失，那么学生文化就会成为新研究生的主要社会化力量，这对该机构的学术和知识生活产生影响——这一点在美国、法国、意大利、西德和日本都能看到。

In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech).

在一项研究中，参与者完成了一系列八项任务，包括四项涉及反思性思维的任务（辨别规则、理解词汇）和四项涉及直觉与创造力的任务（生成新产品或修辞手法）。

"We see that the program is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation," Ferraro says.

"我们发现该项目与森林砍伐减少30%有关联，"费拉罗说。

The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV.

该委员会认为，其他机构将防范反竞争行为，例如像AT&T这样的宽带提供集团以牺牲Netflix和Apple TV为代价偏袒自己的视频流媒体服务。

Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a "GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon—in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.

许多法国政客和媒体机构将此称为“GAFA税”，意思是它旨在主要适用于诸如谷歌、苹果、脸书和亚马逊等公司——换句话说，总部设在美国的跨国科技公司。

While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations.

虽然眼神交流在友好情境中可能是联系或信任的标志，但在对抗性情境中更可能与支配或恐吓相关。

But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of a complex series of factors that have turned the city into the powerhouse of art, music and theatre that it remains today.

但这是可以做到的：格拉斯哥作为欧洲文化之都的那一年，无疑可以被视为一系列复杂因素之一，这些因素已将这座城市转变为它今天仍然保持的艺术、音乐和戏剧的动力源泉。

Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?

作者认为谁本应该解决这个问题？

Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically controversial, and therefore vulnerable.

在其他弱点中，城市在被单独留下解决空气污染时必须采用的措施在政治上是有争议的，因此是脆弱的。