2017年考研英语真题长难句

If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other languages such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.

如果任其发展，这些趋势将会削弱英语在国际教育市场中的相对优势，因为对西班牙语、阿拉伯语或普通话等语言的教育资源需求在增长，并且对日语、法语和德语等其他语言的国际业务流程外包在扩展。

David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organisations.

大卫·格拉多尔得出结论：单语英语毕业生面临暗淡的经济前景，因为来自其他国家的合格多语言年轻人正在证明，在全球公司和组织中，他们比英国同行具有竞争优势。

On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children: "It's based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them." Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it – particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.

另一方面，特罗尼克本人担心，对孩子们使用屏幕的担忧源于一种“压迫性的意识形态，这种意识形态要求父母应该总是与他们的孩子互动”：“它基于一种有点幻想的、非常白人的、非常上层中产阶级的意识形态，这种意识形态认为，如果你未能让你的孩子接触到30,000个单词，你就是在忽视他们。”特罗尼克认为，仅仅因为孩子没有从屏幕中学习并不意味着它没有价值——特别是如果它给父母时间洗澡、做家务或只是从孩子那里休息一下的话。

His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

因此，他的分析应该结束那些可能认为英语的全球地位如此稳定以至于英国的年轻一代不需要额外语言能力的人的任何自满情绪。

So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough.

因此，肯尼迪所指的是，虽然GDP一直是衡量国家经济活动的最常见方法，但作为一种衡量标准，它已不再足够。

At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.

与此同时，狄更斯，他有着记者般的眼光来记录他周围的生活，尤其是任何滑稽或奇特的事物，向不知名的杂志提交了短篇小品文。

Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive – as they often are when absorbed in a device – it can be extremely disconcerting for the children.

婴儿天生就会看着父母的脸来试图理解他们的世界，并且如果那些脸是空白且没有反应的——就像他们在专注于设备时经常那样——这对孩子们来说可能是极其令人不安的。

The growth of the use of English as the world's primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.

英语作为世界国际交流主要语言的使用增长显然已经持续了几十年。

At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.

例如，在波士顿学院，如果你要从另一个系转到护理学院，你就必须多完成一年学业。

Resting in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

坐落于太平洋中，冒纳凯阿火山的山峰高耸于地球浓密大气层的大部分之上，在那里的条件使望远镜能够获得具有无与伦比清晰度的图像。

Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

或许这就是为什么我们探索星空，仿佛在回应一种原始的召唤，去了解我们自己和我们真正的祖先家园。

But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.

但它在这样做的同时，对其行为的道德操守嗤之以鼻，这其中包括接受一家寻求接触政府机会的公司所赠送的礼物，如劳力士手表和法拉利汽车。

Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.

在被衡量的163个国家中，英国是在确保经济增长转化为其公民有意义的改善方面表现最差的国家之一。

If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government – is undermined.

如果人脉可以被购买，民主社会的一个基本前提——即所有人在政府待遇面前都是平等的——就会被破坏。

Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.

间隔年经历可以减轻冲击，当谈到适应大学和被扔进一个全新环境时，使得更容易专注于学业和活动而不是适应失误。

But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.

但是国会应该直接调查这样做，通过帮助资助预检注册或通过其他方式削减成本。

If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?

如果一切都进展得如此顺利，那么为什么超过1700万人投票支持英国脱欧，尽管有关于它可能对他们国家的经济前景造成什么影响的警告？

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots" concept as community sports associations.

的确，国家参与规划像社区体育协会这样一个从根本上具有“草根”性质的概念，这有点荒谬。

Complex international, economic, technological and cultural changes could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breadth of English usage would consequently face new pressures.

复杂的国际、经济、技术和文化变革可能开始削弱英语作为世界市场语言的领先地位，而受益于英语使用广度的英国利益方将因此面临新的压力。

"Tech is designed to really suck you in," says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine."

"科技的设计确实是为了吸引你，"Jenny Radesky在她关于数字游戏的研究中说道，"并且数字产品的存在是为了促进最大程度的参与度。它使得脱离变得困难，并导致大量渗透到家庭日常生活中。"

With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.

随着英国投票决定退出欧盟，且GDP因此已被预测会放缓，现在是评估他所指内容的适时时刻。

Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story.

在《博兹札记》出版后不久，一家出版公司接洽狄更斯，请他按月分期撰写一个故事，作为当时著名艺术家罗伯特·西摩一系列木版画的背景，这个故事的想法是由他提出的。

Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change – how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.

在过去十年中，焦点一直集中在气候变化上——温室气体导致的地球变暖如何引发加剧火灾的状况。

Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.

如今，立即上大学的普遍社会压力，连同在快速变化的世界中日益增高的期望，常常导致学生完全忽视选择间隔年的可能性。

Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.

法官们发现，仅仅帮助送礼者接触到其他官员，除非此举带有明确向这些官员施压的意图，否则并非腐败。

The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why.

埃及航空804航班的坠毁——恐怖分子可能将其击落于地中海之上——提供了另一个悲剧性的提醒，说明了为什么。

There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.

对于冲过终点线时受到掌声鼓励的气喘吁吁的新手，和对于闪耀光芒的顶尖人才，人们的喜悦是一样多的。

"When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel tired," Danaher says, adding, "In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different" – perhaps different enough to throw himself into a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters.

"当我结束一天辛苦的工作回到家时，我经常感到疲倦，" Danaher说，并补充道："在一个我不必工作的世界里，我可能会感觉相当不同"——也许不同到足以让他全身心投入到一个爱好或一个充满热情的项目中，其投入的强度通常是为职业事务保留的。

Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

并非仅仅关注国内生产总值，来自健康、教育和公民社会参与的超过40种不同的标准组合已被衡量，以获得对各国表现如何的更全面评估。

Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

火灾生态学与管理专家Max Moritz教授表示，尽管野火常被视为西部各州的问题，但野火发生频率的不断增加因其对联邦税收的影响而成为全国性的关注点。

But it doesn't necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.

但从诸如此类的发现中不一定能得出一个没有工作的世界会充满不安的结论。

In a recent study involving over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs on the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being exposed to the virus.

在一项涉及400多名健康成年人的近期研究中，来自宾夕法尼亚州卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员考察了感知到的社会支持和收到拥抱对参与者在接触病毒后感染普通感冒的易感性的影响。

There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated "race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career.

在社会上长期存在的“冲向终点线的竞赛”中，人们总是不断担心落后于其他人，无论是朝着研究生院、医学院还是高薪职业（前进）。

Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile."

罗伯特·F·肯尼迪曾说过，一个国家的国内生产总值衡量的是“除了使生活有价值的东西之外的一切”。

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.

这是富裕国家可以吸取的一个教训：当GDP不再被视为衡量一个国家成功的唯一标准时，世界看起来非常不同。

Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International.

自那以后加强的安全措施，再加上由于经济改善和低油价导致的航空旅行增加，已导致在主要机场如芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场出现长时间等待。

But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits – in fact, it probably enhances it.

但是尽管存在普遍的误解，间隔年并不会阻碍学术追求的成功——事实上，它很可能会增强这种成功。

People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come down with a cold, and the researchers calculated that the stress-reducing effects of hugging explained about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.

感知到更多社会支持的人患感冒的可能性更小，并且研究人员计算出拥抱的减压效果解释了约32%的那种有益影响。

First two hours, now three hours – this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.

最初是两小时，现在是三小时——这就是当局建议人们提前到达以赶上国内航班的时间长度，至少在一些安检队伍越来越长的美国主要机场是这样。

If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.

如果你不相信休学一年去探索兴趣的内在价值，那么考虑其对未来学术选择的经济影响。

Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.

这种愿景基于在一个建立在就业概念上的社会中失业的弊端。

There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

没有理由不让每个人在莫纳克亚山受到欢迎，去拥抱他们的文化遗产并研究星星。

It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become – but the lines are obvious.

航空安全变得有多有效尚不清楚——但排队情况是明显的。

Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.

另一个全国性的担忧是，来自其他机构的公共资金是否正在进入火灾易发区的建设中。

Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: Instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few.

在全国范围内，工厂主们现在正面临一个新的挑战：不是有太多的工人，而是他们最终可能人手太少。

But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.

但是，将努力重心重新放在改善福祉而非仅仅担忧GDP数据上的政策制定者，能够避免预测的厄运，甚至可能看到进展。

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.

一项关于国家及其将增长转化为福祉能力的近期年度研究对该问题有所启示。

Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.

罗斯先生让三名社区大学生参加了一个工作安置项目，起始工资为每小时13美元，两年后涨到17美元。

Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

最初花一年间隔年时间来理清事情，这有助于预防压力并在以后节省资金。

It's not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.

它不一定是一件坏事，但取决于学校，在游戏中切换得太晚之后补学分可能会很昂贵。