2016年考研英语真题长难句

Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.

根据该计划，例如，该机构表示，只要土地所有者或企业签署了一项大范围的恢复草原松鸡栖息地的管理计划，它就不会起诉那些无意中杀死、伤害或干扰这种鸟的土地所有者或企业。

The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors attribute to "less codified decision making process" and the possible presence of "younger and less experienced managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment."

幸福感和投资之间的相关性在较年轻的公司中尤为强烈，作者将此归因于“不太规范化的决策过程”以及“更有可能受情绪影响的更年轻且经验不足的管理者”的可能存在。

The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.

该研究发现，在被起诉的公司中，那些拥有最全面企业社会责任项目的公司往往会受到更宽松的处罚。

In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.

特别是，他们呼吁与西方州政府建立更紧密的合作，这些州政府常常对联邦行动感到不安，并与控制着估计95%的草原鸡栖息地的私人土地所有者建立更紧密的合作。

Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

他们的分析排除了是公司的政治影响力而非其企业社会责任立场导致了这种宽大处理的可能性：那些为政治活动贡献更多的公司并没有收到更低的罚款。

From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.

从职业到社区和家庭，这些对比表明，在灼热的大衰退之后，那些刚开始生活的人正在定义优先事项和期望，这些优先事项和期望将越来越多地蔓延到美国生活的几乎所有方面，从消费者偏好到住房模式再到政治。

While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.

虽然年轻人对于今天刚开始起步的人的前景比他们的长辈稍微更乐观一些，但是两个群体中的大多数人都认为那些“刚刚开始生活”的人在达成诸如获得一份高薪工作、组建家庭、管理债务以及找到负担得起的住房等标志性成就方面，面临着比前几代人更艰难的攀登。

"We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher.

“我们估计，要么消除一个实质性的劳工权利问题，例如童工，要么将企业捐赠增加约20%，这两种情况导致的罚款通常比贿赂外国官员的典型惩罚低40%，”一位研究人员说。

Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies.

它也没有揭示出，当公司制定他们的行善政策时，有多少公司是寄希望于光环效应，而不是其他可能的好处。

The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want – the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that – the better.

他们越早学习计算机如何思考、如何哄骗机器产生他们想要的东西——他们越早认识到自己有能力做到这一点——就越好。

What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient.

使问题更棘手的是，通常的时间管理技巧似乎并不足够。

But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.

但是即使你接受弗里德曼的前提并将企业社会责任（CSR）政策视为股东资金的一种浪费，事情可能并非绝对清晰明确。

Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.

由美国鱼类和野生动物管理局及各州协商制定的该计划，要求因经营活动而破坏栖息地的个人和企业向一项基金付款，以用2英亩新的适宜栖息地来替换每被破坏的1英亩栖息地。

It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

它告诉时尚产业，它必须对其向女性，尤其是少女，发出的关于她们必须用来衡量自身个人价值的社会标尺的信号负责。

For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish.

另一方面，它可能被认为是更平易近人，或更现代和时尚。

Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

其立法者上周对一项法律给予了初步批准，该法律将把在跑道上使用超瘦模特定为犯罪行为。

After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally – which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.

经过大约40分钟的购物后，大多数人不再努力进行理性选择，而是开始凭感觉购物 —— 这正是我们购物车里有50%的东西是我们原本根本没打算买的时候。

"The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them."

"未来像空瓶子一样沿着一条不可阻挡且近乎无限的传送带向我们走来，"加里·埃伯勒在他的《神圣时间》一书中写道，并且"我们感到一种压力，要在这些不同大小的瓶子（日子、小时、分钟）经过时把它们装满，因为如果它们没被装满就过去了，我们就浪费了它们。"

"Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too – providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down.

“随时随身携带一本书”实际上也能奏效——前提是你足够频繁地沉浸其中，以便阅读成为你的默认状态，你会暂时从中脱离出来处理事务，然后再重新沉浸下去。

If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection.

如果我们成年人能够沉溺于一点傻气和咯咯笑，我们就会减少体内的压力荷尔蒙，增加像内啡肽这样的有益荷尔蒙，改善流向心脏的血液，甚至有更大的机会抵抗感染。

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens – a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands – once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.

生物学家估计，多达200万只小草原榛鸡——一种生活在广阔草原上的鸟类——曾经为美国中西部和西南部常呈灰色的景观增添了红色。

It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

它认为，由于检察官在其调查中并不消费公司的产品，因此他们可能只受到光环效应的影响。

The researchers wanted to know if the optimism and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would change the way companies invested.

研究人员想知道，伴随幸福感而来的乐观情绪和冒险倾向是否会改变公司的投资方式。

"It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and lean towards R&D more than the average," said one researcher.

一位研究人员说：“快乐的人更有前瞻性和创造力，并且比普通人更倾向于研发，这似乎确实是合理的。”

Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.

年轻人和老年人在一个关键点上达成一致：两个群体的绝大多数人都说，他们认为如今的年轻人开始生活比前几代人更难。

And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.

并且尽管印刷广告销售额仍然超过它们的在线和移动同类，来自印刷的收入仍然在下降。

Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

根据法律，使用不符合政府规定的体重指数的时装模特可能导致85,000美元的罚款和六个月的监禁。

Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.

依靠道德劝说而非法律来解决身体理想的滥用问题可能是最佳步骤。

France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.

法国，一个以作为全球时尚创新者而自豪的国家，已决定其时尚产业已失去定义女性身体美的绝对权利。

And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

而且或许隐约地，他们暗示人们应该关注像品格和智力这样的无形品质，而不是通过节食达到零号身材或蜂腰体型。

Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or less-determined students away.

学生们在他们进入大学之前学习一些关于编程的知识也会受益，在大学里，计算机科学入门课程被塞得满满的，这可能会使那些经验较少或决心不足的学生们离开。

While this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least hints at that possibility.

虽然这并不能证明幸福会导致公司更多地投资或采取更长期的观点，但作者认为这至少暗示了这种可能性。

The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication… It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption."

小说家兼评论家蒂姆·帕克斯写道：“现代思维压倒性地倾向于交流……不仅仅是一个人会被打断；实际上是一个人本身就倾向于被打断。”

Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.

心理健康使我们能够在他人遇到困难时以同情心看待他们，在他人痛苦时以善意对待他们，无论他们是谁，都以无条件的爱去关怀他们。

The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.

你对文化背景的理解越好，你就能越多地控制你的影响。

Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.

我们常常认为一份新工作、更大的房子或更好的汽车会是能让我们最终感到满足的神奇银弹，但现实是这些东西对我们的幸福水平几乎没有持久的影响。

Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.

每周七天获取印刷版每年花费近500美元——比纯数字订阅多两倍多。

Sure enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were headquartered.

果然，公司的投资和研发强度与其总部所在地区的幸福感相关。

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep – and bone-showing.

然而，法国的这些措施过于依赖严厉的惩罚来改变一种仍然将美视为肤浅且以骨感为美的文化。

In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR.

总而言之，该研究得出结论：尽管检察官只应根据案件本身的是非曲直来评估案件，但他们似乎确实会受到公司企业社会责任记录的影响。

The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat.

该基金还将用于补偿留出栖息地的土地所有者。

But is it really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities explain why firms there spend more on R&D?

但是真的是幸福与投资相关联吗，或者关于更幸福的城市的其他某些因素能够解释为什么那里的公司在研发上花费更多吗？

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.

最终会有一天，《纽约时报》将停止在新闻纸上发表报道。

But the skills they learn – how to think logically through a problem and organize the results – apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.

但他们所学的技能——如何通过逻辑思考分析问题并整理结果——适用于任何编程语言，北卡罗来纳州的教育顾问Deborah Seehorn说。

The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: "We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people."

新修订的《丹麦时尚道德宪章》明确指出：“我们意识到时尚产业对身体理想的影响，特别是对年轻人的影响，并对此负责。”

A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever."

一个世纪前，奥克塔维亚·希尔发起了国家信托组织，不是为了拯救时尚的房屋，而是为了“永远为所有人保留自然之地的美丽”。

They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.

他们建议美不应该由最终损害健康的容貌来定义。

First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality.

首先，消费者可能将企业社会责任支出视为一个“信号”，即一家公司的产品具有高品质。

Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.

工党同样希望停止地方规划，在地方议会反对开发的地方。

You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time."

你会认为这可能会助长效率思维模式，但事实上，埃伯勒指出，这种仪式化的行为帮助我们“走出时间流”进入“灵魂时间”。