2014年考研英语真题长难句

But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research – as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.

但是诺贝尔基金会对每个奖项最多三名获奖者、且每位获奖者必须仍然在世的限制，早已被现代研究的协作性质所超越——这一点将通过在承认希格斯玻色子发现时关于谁被忽视的不可避免的争论得到证明。

There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.

行业内部存在要求变革的压力，但是监管机构中的变革反对者坚持认为，不让外部人士进入律师事务所会使律师免受赚钱的压力，而是以合乎道德的方式为客户服务。

Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit – and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.

只有失业者带着简历到达就业中心、注册在线求职并开始找工作，他们才有资格获得救济金——然后他们应该每周报告，而不是每两周报告一次。

Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas – such as free markets and self-reliance – as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.

如今，教授们通常将对历史的进步主义解释和进步主义公共政策视为恰当的研究主题，同时将保守主义或古典自由主义思想——例如自由市场和自力更生——描述为超出常规的、有时甚至是超出正当的学术研究范畴。

Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.

也没有任何证据表明那些自我增强程度最高的人（也就是说，那些认为经过最积极修改的照片是真实的参与者）这样做是为了弥补深刻的不安全感。

"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.

《问题的核心》——美国艺术与科学院（AAAS）刚刚发布的报告——因其肯定了人文和社会科学对美国自由民主的繁荣与安全的重要性而值得赞扬。

Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard's very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.

公园在早期作品中尤为突出，例如约翰·希利亚德非常有趣的《穿越公园》，在这部作品中，一个长发的散步者时而被一个漂亮女孩微笑，时而在一系列图像中被无意袭击，这些图像结果是同一张照片的不同部分。

To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.

为了鼓励创新和竞争，该报告呼吁增加研究投资，精心制定连贯的课程以提高学生在21世纪解决问题和有效沟通的能力，增加教师资金投入，并鼓励学者将其学识用于应对当今的重大挑战。

It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

这也是为什么当我们尝试用语言描述音乐时，我们所能做的一切就是表达我们对它的反应，而不是理解音乐本身。

What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" – protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

我们应当理解，激励他的是他对“基本公平”的热情——保护纳税人、控制开支并确保只有最应得的申请人获得他们的福利。

On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness.

初次听闻时，这是那位心系社会的财政大臣，试图让生活变得更好，还对一个明显纵容的体系进行“改革”，该体系对新失业者找工作的努力要求过低，并且补贴懒惰。

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency – permanent dependency if you can get it – supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.

但在奥斯本世界里，你的第一本能是陷入依赖——如果你能得到的话，就是永久性依赖——由一个非常愿意纵容你的谎言的国家所支持。

In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."

在2010年，国会主要民主党人和共和党人致函美国科学促进会，要求其确定“联邦、州和地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、个人捐助者及其他机构”可采取的行动，以“维持国家在人文及社会科学学术研究与教育方面的卓越地位。”

Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

尤其重要的是他对自由的观点，在他看来，这与个人的权利和责任相关联：他主张思想自由和个人表达自由。

Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery.

出现于六十年代末并在七十年代达到顶峰，地景艺术是一系列新形式之一，包括身体艺术、行为艺术、动作艺术和装置艺术，这些新形式将艺术推向传统工作室和画廊的界限之外。

Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.

相反，申领人获得有时限的“津贴”，条件是积极寻找工作；没有权利，也没有保险，每周71.70英镑，是欧盟中最不慷慨的之一。

I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.

我相信，正是这种通过物质手段传递形而上学信息的永恒共存，才是音乐的力量。

Long is Britain's best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form.

朗是英国最著名的大地艺术家，而他的“石环”——一个由来自波蒂斯黑德海滩的紫褐色岩石在画廊地板上排列成的完美圆环——代表了这种形式中优雅而精致的一面。

Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves viscerally – on one level, they don't even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.

知道了埃普利研究的结果，许多人发自内心地讨厌自己的照片是有道理的——在某种程度上，他们甚至不把照片中的人认作是自己。

Of even greater concern is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.

更令人担忧的是，肥胖事实证明是很难定义的。

It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism – that is the culture of research, after all – but it is the prize-givers' money to do with as they please.

批评和质疑这一机制是公平的——毕竟，这是研究的文化——但这笔钱是颁奖者的，他们可以随意处置。

Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long's photograph of his work is the work.

确实，虽然你可能会认为大地艺术展只包含作品的记录而不是作品本身，但隆的作品照片就是作品本身。

There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.

在美国大多数州，律师只有一条道路：在某个不相关的学科获得四年制本科学位，然后在经美国律师协会授权的200所法学院之一获得三年制法律学位，并为律师资格考试进行昂贵的准备。

"I don't think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion," says Epley.

“我不认为我们所拥有的研究结果是任何个人错觉的证据，”埃普利说。

It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word.

《葬礼进行曲》不是《英雄交响曲》的最后一个乐章，而是第二个乐章，这样苦难就不会有最后的话语权，这并非偶然。

In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency.

事实上，允许非律师拥有律师事务所的股份将降低成本并改善对客户的服务，通过鼓励律师事务所使用技术和雇佣专业管理人员专注于提高事务所的效率。

The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.

该委员会忽视了，几十年来，美国的学院和大学培养的毕业生不知道人文教育的内容和特点，因此被剥夺了其益处。

While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then.

虽然这些措施在短期内会受到欢迎，但我们必须正视这一事实：现有的45亿英镑资助新经济适用房的拨款计划，定于2015年到期，不太可能在那之后延长。

Negative attitudes toward obesity, grounded in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity policies.

基于健康担忧的对肥胖的负面态度，已经刺激了许多反肥胖政策。

While it probably wasn't apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood.

虽然在当时这可能并不明显，但这项工作的大部分内容都弥漫着一种浪漫的逃避主义精神，华兹华斯等人会很容易理解这种精神。

Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.

甚至就连“求职者津贴”这个短语，也是关于将失业者重新定义为“求职者”，而这个“求职者”对其通过缴纳国民保险费所获得的救济金没有基本权利。

He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC.

他正在寻找归因于公元前14世纪至12世纪统治希腊的古代迈锡尼文化的微小雕刻印章。

For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation.

对他而言，秩序并非源于遗忘或忽视困扰我们生存的混乱；秩序是一种必要的发展，一种可能通向希腊式精神升华理想的进步。

It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened.

这就好像20年来日益严格的求职和福利管理系统改革从未发生过一样。

Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.

部长们还应考虑在租赁环境中创造更大的确定性，这将对注册提供商从收入中为新开发项目提供资金的能力产生重大影响。

Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the "above average effect", or "illusory superiority", and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others – all obviously statistical impossibilities.

社会心理学家已经积累了大量关于他们所谓的“高于平均水平效应”或“虚幻优越感”的研究，并表明，例如，70%的人认为自己在领导力方面高于平均水平，93%的人在驾驶方面，85%的人在与他人相处方面——所有这些显然在统计上都是不可能的。

Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we cannot immediately foresee.

由于技术对吞噬人类工作有着如此难以满足的欲望，这种现象将继续以我们无法立即预见的方式重组我们的经济。

Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing – much like a(n) effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.

最重要的是，它不断修改和增强你玩的游戏，以建立在你正在发展的优势上——非常像一个有效的锻炼常规要求你增加阻力和改变你的肌肉使用方式。

Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer's paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles.

因此，脸书是自我提升者的天堂，在这里人们只能分享最讨人喜欢的照片，他们的智慧、风格、美貌、才智和生活方式的精华。

It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).

似乎大多数人如果能够缩短他们的通勤时间、花更多时间与朋友和家人在一起、少花时间看电视（普通美国人一年花在看电视上的时间高达两个月，而且几乎不会因此更快乐），他们的生活会更好。

Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.

合理的想法已经存在很长时间了，但是管理这个行业的国家级机构一直过于保守而无法实施它们。

These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.

他们说，这些捐助者已经在他们选择的领域取得了成功，并且他们想利用自己的财富来吸引人们对那些在科学领域取得成功的人的关注。

And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually protective.

并且存在一些健康状况，对于这些健康状况而言，超重实际上具有保护作用。

An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you're more beautiful than you are.

《科学美国人》上的一篇文章指出，实证研究表明，实际上，你认为自己比真实的你更漂亮。

Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn't matter.

最后，存在一种视角，它涉及到承认在生命的宏大图景中，一次讲座真的不重要。

Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

贝多芬以极大强度增加音量然后突然接一个轻柔乐段的习惯，在他之前的作曲家那里很少被使用。

If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.

如果律师资格考试对于一个准律师来说确实是足够严格的测试，那么那些能够更早参加考试的人应该被允许这样做。

You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.

正如古语所说，你买不到阶级，而且这些暴发户企业家也不能为他们的奖项买到诺贝尔奖的声望。

One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

人们可以通过说苦难是不可避免的，但与之抗争的勇气使生命值得活下去来解释贝多芬的大部分作品。

Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.

时间，而非意图，赋予了他们合法性。