2011年考研英语真题长难句

But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting "the Rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

但是有趣的是思考我们每周看到的无压力、增强幸福感的为人父母的形象是否在某种微小的、潜意识的方式上加剧了我们自己对实际体验的不满，就像我们中的一小部分人曾希望剪“瑞秋”发型可能会让我们看起来有一点点像詹妮弗·安妮斯顿一样。

The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools.

“少即是多”这一短语实际上最初是由一位德国人推广开来的，他就是建筑师路德维希·密斯·凡德罗，这位建筑师与包豪斯设计学院有关联，和其他与该学院有关联的人一样，在二战前移民到美国，并在美国建筑学院担任教职。

"Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.

"三十年前，想象在工作场所或酒吧禁止吸烟是不可思议的，但这正是我们现在所拥有的。我们是否愿意在肥胖问题上同样勇敢？我建议我们应该这样做，"英国儿童医生负责人说。

Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

不快乐的父母很少被激起去思考他们是否本不该有孩子，但不快乐的无子女的人们被这样的信息所困扰：孩子是世界上唯一最重要的东西：显然他们的痛苦一定是他们生活中巨大的婴儿大小的空缺的直接结果。

Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share – that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts – and reveal its erroneous nature.

艾伦的贡献在于，他接受了我们所有人都认同的一个假设——即因为我们不是机器人，所以我们能控制自己的思想——并揭示了这个假设的错误本质。

Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with confidence, trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure on which the transaction runs."

施密特先生将其描述为一个“自愿生态系统”，在该系统中，“个人和组织可以自信地完成在线交易，信任彼此的身份以及交易运行所依托的基础设施的身份。”

It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.

它坚持认为经济协调应涉及欧盟俱乐部的所有27个成员国，在这些成员国中，支持自由市场自由主义和经济严谨性的占微弱多数；德国担心，仅在核心圈内，支持法国干预的占微弱多数。

Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.

例如，丰田汽车公司通过一场相对迅速且精心策划的社交媒体回应活动，减轻了今年早些时候其召回危机造成的部分损失，该活动包括在Twitter和社会新闻网站Digg等网站上直接与消费者互动的努力。

In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.

在他的案例研究住宅中，拉尔夫·拉普森可能错误预测了机械革命将如何影响日常生活——很少有美国家庭拥有直升机，尽管大多数最终拥有了烘干机——但他认为自给自足既可取又不可避免的信念得到了广泛认同。

The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.

同样剧烈的技术变革既为营销人员提供了更多（且更多样化的）沟通选择，也增加了热情的消费者以更快、更明显且更具破坏性的方式表达其观点的风险。

Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.

那些被迫锻炼他们微笑肌肉的人对有趣的卡通反应比那些嘴巴收缩成皱眉状的人更热情，表明表情可能影响情绪而不仅仅是相反的情况。

But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.

但是研究人员认为，外部董事如果在坏消息爆发前离开公司，就更容易避免其声誉受到打击，即使历史回顾显示他们在任何不当行为发生时都在董事会任职。

It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would eventually be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality.

似乎很明显，这样的计划是朝着最终会成为一种强制性互联网“驾照”思维模式的初步推动。

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.

然而，这次任命之所以如此出人意料，原因之一是吉尔伯特相对不太为人所知。

The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.

消费者现在进行购买决策过程的方式意味着营销的影响来自于传统付费媒体之外的广泛因素。

The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll.

用于学术研究的公共资金的增长加速了这一过程：联邦研究拨款在1960年至1990年间增长了四倍，但由于研究造成了影响，教师教学时间减少了一半。

A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."

卫生部发言人说：“我们需要为公共卫生创造一个新愿景，即全社会共同努力以变得健康并活得更久。这包括与企业达成一项新的‘责任协议’，该协议基于社会责任而非国家监管。今年晚些时候，我们将发布一份白皮书，详细阐述我们将如何实现这一目标。”

To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.

诚然，他演奏了令人印象深刻的各种有趣的乐曲，但我没有必要去艾弗里·费雪厅或其他任何地方听有趣的管弦乐。

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.

那些回应称录音不能替代现场表演的忠实音乐会观众没有抓住重点。

The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.

食品行业会对如此资深的医生支持这样激进的举措感到震惊，尤其是呼吁使用过去十年中用于禁烟的一些强硬策略。

If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed.

如果环境总是决定人们的生活和前景，那么人类就永远不会进步。

We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.

我们倾向于将二战紧随其后的几十年视为一个繁荣和增长的时期，数百万士兵返家，凭借《退伍军人权利法案》去上大学，并在婚姻登记处排队。

Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to log in just once but use many different services.

谷歌和微软是已经拥有这些“单点登录”系统的公司之一，这些系统使用户只需登录一次就能使用许多不同的服务成为可能。

Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.

当今顶尖医生们通过要求部长们对不健康食品征收“脂肪税”并向儿童引入关于不良饮食危害的香烟式警告，对政府在促进公众健康方面的角色的辩论发表意见。

In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth – thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) disappointed expression.

在1988年发表的一项实验中，德国维尔茨堡大学的社会心理学家弗里茨·斯特拉克要求志愿者要么用牙齿叼住一支笔——从而产生一个假笑——要么用嘴唇夹住笔，这会产生一种失望的表情。

Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies' marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.

除了产生收入之外，其他营销者的存在使该网站显得客观，给公司提供学习关于其他公司营销吸引力的有价值信息的机会，并且可能有助于为所有相关公司扩大用户流量。

We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.

我们将这种售出媒体定义为自有媒体，其流量非常大，以至于其他组织在这个环境中投放他们的内容或电子商务引擎。

One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools.

设计和教授此类课程之所以困难的一个原因是，它们违背了美国顶尖大学坚持的观点，即人文教育和职业教育应分开，在不同学院教授。

While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.

在产生大量二氧化碳的同时，这些计算机释放出大量热量，因此这些中心需要良好的空调环境，这会消耗更多能源。

The plan has also been greeted with skepticism by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet vulnerable.

该计划也受到了一些计算机安全专家的怀疑，他们担心施密特先生所设想的“自愿生态系统”仍会使大部分互联网处于易受攻击的状态。

Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.

对产品充满热情的消费者可能会通过主动向朋友推广来创建“口碑”媒体，并且公司可能会通过向其网站注册的客户发送有关产品和销售的电子邮件提醒来利用“自有”媒体。

Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded: "We do not attract what we want, but what we are."

由于欲望和意志会被与欲望不一致的想法的存在所损害，艾伦得出结论：“我们吸引的不是我们想要的东西，而是我们本身。”

So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.

因此，在十年论文写作结束时，许多人文专业的学生离开这个行业去做一些他们没有受过训练的事情。

It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.

很难想象会有很多人愚蠢到仅仅因为里斯和安吉丽娜让这看起来如此有魅力就想要孩子：大多数成年人都明白婴儿不是理发。

They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.

他们发现，在一次意外离职后，公司随后不得不重述收益的可能性增加了近20%。

He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness.

他说薯片和糖果制造商可以在“Change4Life”运动中发挥核心作用，这是政府促进健康饮食和健身努力的核心部分。

Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.

例如，社交网络的成员们正在了解到他们可以劫持媒体来对最初创建这些媒体的企业施加压力。

Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: "I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first."

光辉国际高级合伙人丹尼斯·凯里说：“我想不出有哪一次招聘，董事会没有指示我首先考虑在任首席执行官。”

Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school.

同样不足为奇的是，只有大约一半的人最终获得了他们进入研究生院所追求的教授职位。

Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals.

在其他地方已经积累了财富和声誉，他们大概有足够的独立性来反对首席执行官的提议。

Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticise.

否则，学者们将继续危险地以相似方式思考，日益脱离他们所研究、调查和批评的社会。

McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.

麦吉说，没有找到工作就离职给了他时间去思考他想经营什么样的公司。

Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.

最后，接近法国政府的人士低声表示，欧元区成员国应该同意一些财政和社会协调：例如，抑制公司税率或劳动力成本方面的竞争。

Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor.

除了通过这种分离使各专业专业化之外，美国顶尖大学还使教授专业化了。

As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on.

随着董事会迫于股东压力审查继任计划，未获得点头认可的高管们也可能希望继续前进。

In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research.

根据利伯伦研究公司的数据，在第三季度，首席执行官的更替率与一年前相比下降了23%，因为焦虑的董事会坚持任用他们现有的领导者。

Should they become charitable corporations?

他们应该成为慈善公司吗？

No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities.

没有任何学科像人文学科那样以如此高的热情抓住专业化。

They argue that all Internet users should be forced to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

他们主张所有互联网用户都应被强制注册并进行身份验证，就像司机必须获得许可才能在公共道路上驾驶一样。

So have science and general business reporters.

科学和一般商业记者也是如此。