2000年考研英语真题长难句

Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.

相反，我们看到的是极好的虚伪景象，如今这些景象似乎比以往任何时候都更为充足：美国物质主义的批评家，却拥有南安普顿的避暑别墅；激进书籍的出版商，却在三星级餐厅用餐；倡导生活各阶段参与式民主的记者，其子女却就读于私立学校。

The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.

当今的这种巨大平庸性——每个人在生存和后代数量方面都一样——意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度中上层阶级中已经失去了其80%的力量。

For example, in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.

例如，在欧洲的早期工业化国家中，工业化进程——以及随之而来的所有社会模式方面的深远变化——持续了将近一个世纪，而如今一个发展中国家可能在大约十年内经历相同的进程。

For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

有一段时间，情况看起来好像半导体的制造——美国发明了半导体，且半导体处于新计算机时代的核心——将会成为下一个牺牲品。

But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."

但是，在注释中读到某一行描述一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在桥上打斗，他们俩都从桥上掉进河里——然后发现这一行是由他们掉落的声音和军官们的体重组成的：“噗！噗！一百八十五公斤。”，这有点令人不安。

Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

额外的社会压力也可能由于人口爆炸或大规模移民运动所产生的问题而发生——这些大规模移民运动如今因现代交通工具而变得相对容易。

This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed.

这并不意味着野心已终结，人们不再感受到它的躁动与激励，而仅仅意味着，野心不再被公开推崇，人们也不再公开宣称它。

As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States.

因此，将雄心视为一种健康的冲动、一种应被赞赏并在年轻人心中固定下来的品质的支持，在美国可能比以往任何时候都要低。

With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.

然而，关于未来主义诗歌，情况相当困难，因为无论未来主义诗歌可能是什么——即使承认它所基于的理论可能是正确的——它也很难被归类为文学。

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

当艺术领域的一场新运动流行起来时，明智的做法是弄清楚其倡导者的目标是什么，因为，无论他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强和不合理，在未来的岁月里它们可能会被视为正常。

Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

此外，显而易见的是，一个国家经济的实力与其农业和工业的效率直接相关，而这又反过来取决于各类科学家和技术人员的努力。

For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.

例如，他们可能以各种方式鼓励研究，包括建立自己的研究中心；他们可能改变教育结构，或进行干预以减少自然资源的浪费或开发迄今未被开发的资源；或者他们可能直接在越来越多与科学、经济和工业相关的国际项目中合作。

There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.

这里面带有浓重的虚伪色彩，这是一个马逃走后才关上谷仓门的例子——而受过教育的人自己却骑在马上。

If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.

如果野心要被高度重视，那么野心的回报——财富、声誉、对自己命运的掌控——必须被认为值得为野心所做出的牺牲。

This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.

简言之，这就是未来主义者所说的：一个世纪以来，过去的生活条件一直在有条件地加速变化，直到现在我们生活在一个充满噪音、暴力和速度的世界里。

All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.

所有这一切产生了在社区内部积聚异常压力和紧张关系的效果，因此给相关政府带来了严重问题。

What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.

所发生的事情是，人们不能像从前那样轻松、坦率地向他人倾诉自己的梦想，以免被认为是急功近利、贪得无厌且粗俗不堪的。

The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.

对野心的攻击很多且来自各个角度；其公开的辩护者很少且不起眼，在他们不是极其不吸引人的地方。

In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.

此外，表达对工作不满的日本工人数量远远超过了其他10个被调查国家的同行。

Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.

再次，人与人之间的差异以及自然选择利用这种差异的机会已经减少了。

Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.

漫无目标几乎不是战后日本的典型特征，战后日本的生产力和社会和谐是美国和欧洲羡慕的对象。

Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

由于大众传播的显著发展，各地的人们正感受到新的需求，并且正接触到新的习俗和观念，同时政府常常由于上述原因被迫引入更进一步的创新。

But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.

但是无论我们的后代可能会对我们离乌托邦有多远感到多么惊讶，他们将会看起来就像我们一样。

Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.

很少有美国人将这仅仅归因于诸如美元贬值或商业周期的转变等明显原因。

When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.

当美国在第二次世界大战结束后进入这样一个繁荣时期时，它拥有一个比任何竞争对手大八倍的市场，这为其工业带来了无与伦比的规模经济。

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.

一段长期且不费力的成功历史可能是一个可怕的障碍，但如果处理得当，它可能会成为一种推动力。

All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.

尽管如此，任何有思想的人都不能拒绝接受他们的第一个主张：在我们的情感生活中发生的巨大变化需要一种表达方式的改变。

As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

由于所有这些因素的结果，政府正变得越来越依赖生物学家和社会科学家来规划适当的项目并将其付诸实施。

Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.

由于大部分变异是由基因引起的，又一个进化因素已经消失了。

Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.

我们必须创造出模仿声音的词语来代替对声音的描述；我们必须在同一页面上使用多种字号和不同颜色的墨水，并随意缩短或延长词语。

America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

美国和美国人民的繁荣程度超出了那些经济被战争摧毁的欧洲人和亚洲人的梦想。

In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States.

在最近的一项调查中，发现只有24.5%的日本学生对学校生活完全满意，与美国67.2%的学生相比。

In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal.

然而，奇怪的是，正是受过教育的人声称已经放弃了将雄心壮志作为一种理想。

For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."

对于这类人以及更多可能不那么 exceptional 的人，恰当的表述是：“不惜一切代价成功，但避免显得有野心。”

By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.

到20世纪80年代中期，美国人发现自己对其日益衰退的工业竞争力感到困惑。

They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.

他们开始相信他们的经营方式正在失败，因此他们的收入不久也将开始下降。

There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.

每100名女性对应约105名男性出生，但这个比例在成熟年龄时降至接近平衡，且在70岁人群中女性数量是男性的两倍。

In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

无论如何，所有这类干预措施在很大程度上依赖于科学建议，也依赖于各类科技人力资源。

There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.

存在另一种导致进化自杀的方式：活着，但少生孩子。

Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.

十年前，年轻人勤奋努力，并将工作视为他们存在的主要理由，但现在日本在很大程度上已经满足了其经济需求，而年轻人不知道他们接下来该何去何从。

Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.

因此，我们的情感、思想和情绪经历了相应的变化。

Few people are as fertile as in the past.

很少有人像过去那样有生育能力。

Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.

一些庞大的美国产业，例如消费电子产品，在面对外国竞争时已经萎缩或消失。

Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.

美国人不再视繁荣为理所当然。

What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?

根据第一段，过去作为一名男性的危险是什么？

According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?

根据作者的说法，什么可能主要对日本社会的道德滑坡负责？

Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do.

现在，男婴的存活率几乎和女婴一样高。

But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles.

但那可能与日本人的生活方式有更多关系。

Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.

自然地，他会尝试以低利率借钱，但这类贷款不常能获得。

By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.

到1987年，只剩下一家美国电视制造商，即Zenith。