2008年考研英语真题长难句

This group generally does well in IQ test, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and has contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm.

这个群体在智商测试中通常表现良好，得分比100分的平均值高出12-15分，并且对西方的知识和文化生活做出了不成比例的贡献，正如他们精英的职业生涯（包括几位世界知名的科学家）所证实的那样。

He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.

他指出，他总是在清晰简洁地表达自己方面遇到很大困难，但他认为，正是这种困难可能具有一种补偿性的优势，即迫使他长时间专注地思考每一个句子，从而使他能够发现推理和自己观察中的错误。

It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.

你怎么写没有区别，只要你写就行。既然你已经把一个主题发展成了一个暂定的论文，你可以整理你的笔记并开始充实你所做的任何大纲。

Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

达尔文深信，这些品味的丧失不仅是幸福感的丧失，而且可能对智力有害，更有可能对道德品格有害。

The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making free access to scientific results a reality.

互联网——以及来自资助机构的压力，这些机构正在质疑为什么商业出版商通过限制对其的访问来从政府资助的研究中赚钱——正在使科学成果的免费获取成为现实。

And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.

并且仅仅在过去的30年里，学者们才从下至上地审视历史。

Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.

此外，尽管人类已经直立行走了数百万年，我们的脚和背部仍然在与双足姿势作斗争，并且不能轻易承受由过大肢体施加的反复压力。

"Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."

"她们忍受压力的能力甚至可能比男性的更大，"她评论道，"只是她们正在处理如此多更多的事情，以至于她们更早且更明显地因此变得疲惫不堪。"

There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.

存在所谓的‘大交易’，即机构订阅者通过站点许可协议支付费用以获取一系列在线期刊标题的访问权限。

No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning.

他认为，没有人能够在不具备一定推理能力的情况下写出它。

Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy's decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel's crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P "policy" he enforces.

虽然这是一个有趣的问题，但它与论文无关，论文解释了背景如何影响萨米辞职的决定。她没有包含那段话，而是添加了一段描述伦格尔对女孩们的暴躁反应的内容，以便她能够引出他所执行的A&P“政策”。

Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy's decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel's crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P "policy" he enforces.

虽然这是一个有趣的问题，但它与论文无关，论文解释了环境如何影响萨米辞职的决定。她没有包含那个段落，而是添加了一个描述伦格尔对女孩们暴躁反应的段落，以便她能够引出他所执行的A&P“政策”。

On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.

另一方面，他不接受他的一些批评者提出的指控，即虽然他是一个好的观察者，但他没有推理能力。

Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.

华盛顿在独立战争期间观察到黑人士兵的勇敢后，开始相信人人生而平等，他克服了亲属的强烈反对，在遗嘱中给予他的奴隶自由。

Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.

存在其他模型，它们是这三种的混合体，例如延迟开放获取，即期刊在前六个月仅允许订阅者阅读一篇论文，然后才向所有希望查看它的人免费提供。

He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.

他否认拥有任何极大的理解敏捷性或才智，正如使赫胥黎出众的那种。

"Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.

“与男性相比，女性在应对压力时特别容易患上抑郁症和焦虑症，”纽约退伍军人管理局医院的首席精神病学家Yehuda博士表示。

Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues.

生长，这种很少持续超过20岁的情况，需要卡路里和营养素——特别是蛋白质——来供给不断生长的组织。

Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories.

最后，存在开放获取档案库，在这些档案库中，诸如大学或国际实验室之类的组织支持机构知识库。

So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.

在某种意义上，它是如此贫乏，以至于他从未能记住一个日期或一行诗超过几天。

Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children – though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.

尽管如此，杰斐逊释放了海明斯的孩子——但没有释放海明斯本人或他大约150名其他奴隶。

Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today's people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.

尽管现在通常比140年前高出约两英寸，但如今的人们——尤其是那些出生于已在美国生活了许多代的家庭的人——显然在20世纪60年代初达到了他们的极限。

"There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism," says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.

“存在一些由个体生物的遗传结构所设定的真正限制，”西北大学人类学家威廉·伦纳德说。

Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about.

与另外两位科学家一起，他正在发表一篇论文，该论文不仅表明人类中的某一群组比其他群组更聪明，而且解释了导致这一情况的过程。

Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.

仅在十年前，这样的法案在弗吉尼亚州本需要获得立法批准。

Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

阿尔瓦雷斯的经历展示了在压力威胁到你的健康和你的行动能力之前找到缓解压力方法的重要性。

"In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much gone as far as we can go," says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.

"在当今的普通人群中，在这个基因、环境水平上，我们已经几乎走到了我们所能达到的极限。"莱特州立大学的人类学家威廉·卡梅伦·楚姆利说道。

It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.

你如何写作并不重要，只要你写就行。既然你已经将一个主题发展成了一个暂定的论文，你可以整理你的笔记并开始充实你所做的任何大纲。

The student who wrote "The A&P as a State of Mind" wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women.

写了《A&P作为一种心态》的那个学生明智地删除了一个质疑萨米是否对女性表现出沙文主义态度的段落。

After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It's probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.

在你清晰且充分地展开你的论文主体之后，要特别注意引言和结论段落。或许最好是最后再写引言，在你确切知道你要介绍什么之后。结论段落需要同等的关注，因为它们给读者留下最后的印象。

This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men.

他认为，这不可能是真的，因为《物种起源》从头到尾就是一个长长的论证，并且已经说服了许多有能力的人。

Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

男性和女性在面对压力时表现出不同的倾向。

The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.

国际科学、技术与医学出版商协会表示，全球有超过2000家专门从事这些学科的出版商。

"I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better."

"我为了获得大学学位付出了很多努力。我生活在如此多的挫折中，以至于那成了我的逃避方式——去上学，取得进步并做得更好。"

You should go through the paper many times – and then again – working to substantiate and clarify your ideas.

你应该多次通读这篇论文——然后再读一遍——努力去证实并阐明你的观点。

Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you.

你的大纲应该平稳地引导你从一个观点到下一个观点，但不要允许它强行控制你。

More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.

更重要的是，他们认为许多开国元勋知道奴隶制是错误的——然而大多数人几乎没有采取行动去反对它。

His status as a father made him free the child slaves.

他作为父亲的身份使他解放了那些童奴。

In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.

就NBA球员而言，他们的身高增长似乎是源于从世界各地招募球员这一日益普遍的做法。

By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don't use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.

通过把初稿当作思考你想要说什么的一种方式，你将很可能发现比你的笔记最初所暗示的更多东西。大量优秀的作家根本不使用大纲，而是在写作时发现排序原则。不要尝试第一次就写出一个完全正确的草稿。

"It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."

“照顾一个青少年、有一份工作、支付房租、支付汽车贷款以及偿还债务是最困难的事情。我过着月光族的生活。”

If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.

然而，如果他上个赛季参加了比赛，他就会是42人中的一个。

To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.

为了使修改更容易，在行间留出宽边距和额外空间，以便你可以轻松添加词语、句子和修改内容。只在纸的一面书写。

To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.

为了使修改更容易，留下宽边距和行间距，以便你可以轻松添加词语、句子和修改内容。只在纸的一面书写。

Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.

奴隶制被视为一种特殊的制度。

But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.

但是最近，许多历史学家已经开始关注奴隶制在建国一代的生活中所扮演的角色。

Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise.

语法、标点和拼写可以等到你修改的时候。

Concentrate on what you are saying.

专注于你正在说的内容。

Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.

根据收到的评论，编辑会接受这篇论文予以发表，或者拒绝它。

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes.

并非每个人都经历Alvarez所描述的那种严重的慢性压力。