2023年考研英语真题长难句

Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.

在10个表现最差的州中，有一些人口最多的州，包括得克萨斯州，该州被给予最低等级（F），并且因其教科书在其他地方广泛销售而具有不成比例的影响力。

Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.

布兰奇指出，即使越来越多的官方指南和教科书反映了关于气候变化的科学共识，传达更多有偏见观点的非官方教育材料正在被分发给教师。

A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher.

去年由国家科学教育中心（一个由科学家和教师组成的非营利组织）开展的一项研究，该研究调查了全国各地的州立公立学校如何在科学课堂上应对气候变化，仅给美国半数州打了B+或更高的等级。

Another issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in high schools—it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry.

另一个问题是，虽然气候变化被很好地整合到一些学科和某些年龄段中——例如高中的地球与空间科学——但在幼儿的课程以及更广泛教授的学科（如生物学和化学）中，它的代表性并不那么高。

Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it's those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff's passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.

大名鼎鼎的企鹅兰登书屋作者可能会受一点影响，但正是那些中游作家，他们通常依靠水石书店员工推广小众作家书籍的热情，将会祈祷这场争端的结束。

Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there's an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.

如今，在房价创下历史新高且库存处于历史低位的情况下，此类监管的紧迫性日益增加，尤其是在那些担心开发商会涌入并大量收购房屋，以便在短期租赁市场上迅速转手获利的人当中。

It added: "We prefer to help people and organisations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives."

它补充道：“我们更倾向于帮助个人和组织做出正确的选择，而不是对此类事项进行立法。然而，人造草坪的使用必须符合现有的旨在保护生物多样性和确保可持续排水的法律和政策保障措施，同时诸如强化的生物多样性义务等措施应有助于鼓励公共当局考虑可持续的替代方案。”

The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title's impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates.

科学界通过多种方式衡量这些论文的质量，包括期刊的感知质量（如期刊标题的影响因子所反映的）和特定论文积累的引用数量。

As a result, these structures became important centres for cultural exchange and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, as well as taking knowledge with them, greatly influencing the development of several civilisations.

因此，这些结构成为了文化交流和互动的重要中心，旅行者分享他们的文化、思想和信仰，同时也带走知识，极大地影响了几个文明的发展。

"I don't believe that the legal protection would have happened in the time frame that it did without those images," says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.

“我不相信如果没有那些图像，法律保护会在当时的时间框架内发生，”希瑟·汉森说，她是《先知与大亨、护林员与流氓、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局的100年》的记者和作者。

It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster—the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published.

它发生在这样一个时期，即作者们已经在担心培生兰登书屋（PRH）与另一家大型出版商西蒙与舒斯特（Simon & Schuster）拟议合并的后果——不结盟的英国出版商数量的减少可能会导致更少的竞价战、更低的预付款，以及在出版内容方面更多的一致性。

If you're heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex's new children's book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President's Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.

如果你正前往你最近的水石书店分店，这家英国最大的图书零售商，去寻找萨塞克斯公爵夫人新的儿童读物《长凳》，你可能不得不准备好四处搜寻一下；同样的情况可能也适用于《总统的女儿》，比尔·克林顿和詹姆斯·帕特森的新惊悚小说。

Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.

此外，增加的私有化无疑会削弱每年三亿游客来公园的主要原因之一：享受自然并从淹没日常生活的商业喧嚣中得到休息。

In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities.

在一个例子中，一个人——同时担任作者、编辑和顾问——能够使用至少15种期刊作为由三所大学的五位科学家发表的文章的引文提供者。

On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism.

除此之外，他们从其广泛的教育项目、通过碳封存对气候产生的积极影响、对我们文化和艺术生活的贡献，以及当然还有通过旅游业中创造价值。

The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.

得克萨斯州的天气自近期极端高温以来可能已经转凉，但本月在奥斯汀举行的州教育委员会会议上，气温将会很高，因为官员们正在讨论得克萨斯州学校如何教授气候变化。

The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.

举办伦敦西部年度展览的皇家园艺学会（RHS）表示，由于塑料草坪对环境和生物多样性造成的损害，它已实施这项禁令。

The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.

这些举措是近年来建筑法规最重大的变化，并且行业专家表示，在材料短缺和高劳动力成本已在推高账单的时期，它们将不可避免地导致更高的价格。

The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would've made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.

州议会最近投票反对一项法案，该法案本会使城镇制定限制短期租赁的法规成为非法。

Glenn Branch, the centre's deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards.

该中心副主任格伦·布兰奇警告说，制定州级科学标准只是一个将决策权下放给地方学校董事会的国家中的一个有限基准。

Not only can AI help to create the marketing content, but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers.

人工智能不仅能够帮助创建营销内容，而且还能够提供一种非侵入式的方式向目标客户传递内容。

The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines, which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections, but also to a decrease in marketing personnel.

使用人工智能回应客户的主要缺点是，存在将个人互动交给机器的担忧，这不仅可能导致随后人际联系的丧失，还可能导致营销人员的减少。

We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.

我们将看看那种多样性是否是出版商之间当前需要足够大以接纳所有来者的一个牺牲品。

It is believed that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, although only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in ruins.

人们认为，沿着丝绸之路大约建造了12,000到15,000座商队驿站，尽管据知今天仅存约3,000座，其中许多已成废墟。

"As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition," he says.

"随着市场适应新要求以及支持这些要求的技术，这些技术的扩大应用最终将降低成本，但在短期内，我们所有人都将不得不为必要的转型付出代价，"他说。

Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House (PRH), a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.

这两本书都将于下周由企鹅兰登书屋（PRH）出版，该公司目前正与水石书店陷入对峙。

The advent of electronic publishing and authors' need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals.

电子出版的出现以及作者为其论文寻找发表渠道的需求导致了数千种新期刊的产生。

Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, including emails, social media posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate frequency.

可以收集关于客户可以在何处被接触的数据，例如位置、使用的设备、网站互动和访问的网站，以适当的形式展示营销信息，包括电子邮件、社交媒体帖子、弹出式广告和横幅，并以适当的频率。

AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.

人工智能也可以被用来识别客户关于他们的爱好、喜爱的名人以及时尚的生活方式选择，以在通过社交媒体发布的营销信息中提供独特的内容。

Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.

最近，这种掠夺性行为的另一种表现形式出现了：所谓的支持服务咨询公司，它们为个人作者和期刊提供语言和其他编辑支持，有时会建议投稿人在其文章中添加一些引文。

Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator.

Build Aviator的马库斯·杰福德表示，那些已经对项目进行了成本核算但尚未提交文件的建筑商，可能需要重新提交新的估算。

The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more.

该行业还指出，真草需要大量的水、除草剂或其他处理，并且铺设人造草的人往往更多地使用他们的花园。

Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.

窗户和门将必须符合更高的标准，同时对于你可以拥有的玻璃数量有新的限制，以减少来自太阳的多余热量。

The researchers studied "prosocial" and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old.

研究人员研究了200多名11岁至28岁的儿童和年轻人的“亲社会”和叛逆特质。

A Twitter account, which claims to "cut through the greenwash" of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers.

一个声称要“穿透人造草的‘漂绿’”的Twitter账号，已经拥有超过2万名关注者。

An economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.

一项针对700名美国纳税人的经济调查发现，人们愿意支付一大笔钱来确保公园及其项目保持原样。

Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.

在该日期之前提交的任何计划都被视为遵循先前的规则，并且只要工作在明年6月15日之前开始就可以继续进行。

The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices.

出版业谈论作者和员工方面的多样性，但它也需要多种提供知识交流、选择和不同声音的方式。

If customers are not willing to share data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.

如果客户不愿意分享数据，人工智能将缺乏必要的信息，并且将无法有效运作或利用机器学习来改进其营销内容和沟通。

Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time.

引文卡特尔，即期刊、作者和机构合谋抬高引文数量的行为，已经存在很长时间了。

For example, AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to "speak" to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data.

例如，人工智能可以被用来分析哪种类型的广告内容或文案适合对特定目标客户群体“说话”，通过大数据分析揭示关于趋势和偏好的信息。

PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me: "Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock. We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018."

PRH拒绝对此事发表评论，但Waterstones的一位发言人告诉我：“Waterstones目前正以PRH降低的信用条款运营，PRH是英国唯一一家对我们贸易能力施加任何限制的出版商。我们没有抵制PRH的书籍，但我们正在尽最大努力确保尽管总体库存水平较低，客户的可得性仍然良好。我们希望随着我们的商店再次营业，一切能恢复正常，并且我们能够适当地进行采购。当然，我们的商店非常繁忙。我们五月份的‘本月图书’销售额超过了2018年以来的任何一个月。”

Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, "that does not mean it will be taught", he says.

即使一个州在其科学标准方面被认为是表现优秀的，“那并不意味着它会被教授”，他说。

The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were "quietly retiring them to their relevant sections".

行业杂志《书商》报道称，水石书店分店经理们被告知要将PRH的书籍从诸如桌子、展示区和橱窗等显眼区域移走，并且“将它们悄悄归到其相关区域”。

It needs someone who can unite the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.

它需要一个能够团结跨学科团队并使他们保持在改进的轨道上的人。

In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other.

在青春期，几乎事事依赖成年人的无助且依赖他人的儿童，变成能够照顾自己并互相帮助的独立个体。

This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued.

这给他们带来了良好的结果，直到2012年，当时他们的增长趋于平稳。

There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J. Simons.

例如，心理学家克里斯托弗·查布里斯和丹尼尔·J·西蒙斯写道，没有实验证据表明它会干扰我们集中注意力的能力。

"There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs," observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm.

"我们对互联网日益增长的依赖可能会带来一些成本，但我不得不认为，总体而言，收益将会超过这些成本，"心理学教授本杰明·斯托姆评论道。

While some locals opposed the designation, the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson's photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area.

虽然一些当地人反对这项指定，但该决定在很大程度上被接受——并且杰克逊的照片在保护该地区的斗争中发挥了关键作用。