2010年考研英语真题长难句

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements.

在我自己的研究中，女性对丈夫的抱怨最常不集中在有形的不平等上，例如放弃了职业机会去陪伴丈夫追求他的事业，或者承担了远超她们份额的日常生活支持工作，如清洁、烹饪和社交安排。

Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors.

大型零售商必须先了解这些差异，然后才能识别欧洲批发业中他们特定能力可能取代规模较小但根深蒂固的竞争对手的细分市场。

It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.

对于年龄在四十岁以下的普通读者来说，难以想象一个在大多数大城市报纸上都能找到高质量艺术评论的时代，这几乎是不可能的。

Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.

所涉及的间隔距离是否会满足空中交通管制规定是另一回事，尽管国际民用航空组织的一个工作组已将编队飞行的可能性纳入新操作指南的蓝图中。

It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself.

只是在最近几年我们才听到更诚实的论点，即捕食者是群落的成员，并且任何特殊利益集团都没有权利为了自身真实的或想象的利益而消灭它们。

Dr. Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London.

克鲁博士和他的团队模拟了如果三架从洛杉矶、旧金山和拉斯维加斯起飞的客机在犹他州上空集合、采用倒V字队形、偶尔交换位置以便所有飞机都能轮流处于最有利位置，然后继续飞往伦敦将会发生什么情况。

Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.

在他自己的生活中经历了一段痛苦的不可持续时期，这使他清楚地认识到，以可持续性为导向的价值观必须通过日常行动和选择来表达。

They found that the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades" – the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.

他们发现，所谓“全球连锁反应”——即影响力通过网络的广泛传播——的主要要求不是少数有影响力的人存在，而是要有大量易受影响的人。

However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.

然而，这些要求都不应阻止大型零售商（甚至一些大型食品生产商和现有批发商）尝试，因为那些掌握欧洲批发复杂性的人有望获得可观的收益。

The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its State Street Bank ruling.

联邦巡回法院发布了一项不同寻常的命令，指出该案件将由该法院的全部12名法官审理，而非典型的三名法官小组，并且它希望评估的一个问题是，是否应该“重新考虑”其对州街银行案的裁决。

In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.

然而，在他们最近的研究中，一些研究人员得出了这样的发现：有影响力的人对社会流行潮的影响远比普遍认为的要小。

It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

它往往会忽视，并因此最终消除陆地群落中许多缺乏商业价值但对其健康功能至关重要的元素。

For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.

然而，要发生一场社会流行潮，每一个受影响的人随后必须去影响他或她自己的熟人，这些熟人接着又必须去影响他们的熟人，依此类推；而有多少其他人关注这些人中的每一个人，与最初的有影响力人士几乎没有关系。

Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.

他们的是一件严肃的事情，并且即使是那些像萧伯纳和欧内斯特·纽曼一样轻松运用自己学识的评论家，也可以被信任去了解他们在做什么。

We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.

我们甚至更远离20世纪初至二战前夕在英国发表的那些无特定主题的报纸评论，当时新闻用纸极其廉价，而风格鲜明的艺术评论被视为其所在出版物的一种装饰。

Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list.

即便在那时，有几个州仍自动免除女性担任陪审员的义务，除非她们亲自要求将自己的名字列入陪审员名单。

Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.

然而，根据两级传播理论，正是这些非名人有影响力人士，被认为通过直接影响他们的朋友和同事来推动社会流行潮。

The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.

森林与其组成树种、地被植物和动物群的相互依存关系被认为是理所当然的。

Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

尽管美国最高法院早在1880年Strauder诉西弗吉尼亚州一案中就禁止了在陪审团遴选过程中的故意种族歧视，但挑选所谓精英或蓝带陪审团的做法却为规避这项及其他反歧视法律提供了便利途径。

In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.

简而言之，最能代表当前危机的形象是一个典型的卡通场景：一个男人坐在早餐桌旁，面前举着一份报纸，而一个女人盯着报纸背面，想要说话。

Some species of trees have been "read out of the party" by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.

一些树种被具有经济头脑的林务员“开除党籍”了，因为它们生长太慢，或者作为木材作物的销售价值太低，不值得种植。

All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.

总而言之，这显然似乎是一个大型零售商能够盈利地运用其巨大规模、现有基础设施以及在产品系列、物流和营销情报管理方面的成熟技能的市场。

To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.

今天去读这样的书籍就是去惊叹于这样一个事实，即它们的学术内容曾经被认为适合在大众流通的日报上发表。

The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.

国际会计准则理事会表示，它不想在没有全面规划的情况下采取行动，但在今年晚些时候完成规则重建时让步的压力很大。

In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them.

2005年，IBM在一份法庭文件中指出，它已被授予300多项商业方法专利，尽管它质疑授予这些专利的法律依据。

Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.

此外，批发业的平均整体利润率高于零售业；随着越来越多的欧洲人更频繁地外出就餐，来自食品服务行业的批发需求正在快速增长；并且这个分散行业的竞争动态变化最终使批发商整合成为可行。

But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

但是几乎所有人都忽视了他们自家后院里这个巨大且有利可图的机会：食品饮料批发贸易，这似乎正是零售商所需要的那种市场。

And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.

并且死气沉沉的市场在一定程度上反映了银行的瘫痪，这些银行因担心记录损失而不愿出售资产，但又不愿意购买所有那些所谓的便宜货。

Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.

对商业方法权利要求的限制将是一个戏剧性的转变，因为正是联邦巡回法院本身在1998年所谓的道富银行案的裁决中引入了此类专利，批准了一项关于汇集共同基金资产的方法的专利。

The air flowing over a bird's wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash.

流过鸟翅膀的空气在翼尖后方向上卷起，这是一种被称为上洗流的现象。

In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.

在林业生态更先进的欧洲，非商业树种被视为原生森林群落的成员，在合理范围内应被如此保护。

Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

科学家们急忙赶来救援，带着一些明显站不住脚的证据，大意是如果鸟类不能控制昆虫，昆虫就会把我们吃掉。

It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.

是银行处于错误的星球上，其账户极大地高估了资产。

In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.

在一项让知识产权律师议论纷纷的举措中，美国联邦巡回上诉法院表示，它将使用一个特定案件来对商业方法专利进行广泛审查。

The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that have narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.

联邦巡回法院的行动是在最高法院最近一系列缩小专利持有人保护范围的裁决之后发生的。

During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller.

然而，在他的有生之年，他也是英国最杰出的古典音乐评论家之一，并且是一位广受赞赏的文体家，以至于他的《自传》（1947年）成为了畅销书。

Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.

然而，20世纪出版的大量最重要的评论集在很大程度上由报纸评论组成。

But the epidemic is "moderate" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment.

但是根据该组织总干事陈冯富珍的说法，这次疫情的严重程度为“中等”，绝大多数患者仅出现轻微症状并完全康复，通常在没有任何医疗治疗的情况下。

Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home.

需求主要来自两个来源：独立的夫妻杂货店——与大型零售连锁店不同，它们太小而不能直接从生产商那里采购，以及餐饮服务运营商——当消费者不在家吃饭时为他们提供服务。

The researchers' argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey – whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence – even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.

研究人员的论点源于一个关于社会影响的简单观察：除了少数像奥普拉·温弗瑞这样的名人——其巨大的影响力主要是媒体影响而非人际影响的作用——即使是一个群体中最有影响力的成员也根本不会与那么多人互动。

Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect," the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.

相反，这些研究最终以“霍桑效应”命名，这是一种极具影响力的观点，即仅仅是被实验这一行为改变了受试者的行为。

"My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin," he adds.

“我父亲是英国皇家空军飞行员，我堂兄是一架在柏林上空失踪的兰开斯特轰炸机的机长，”他补充道。

More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems.

超过三百万剂将在2009年10月初可供使用，尽管那些初始剂量中的大多数是FluMist鼻喷雾类型，这种类型不推荐给孕妇、50岁以上的人或那些有呼吸困难、心脏病或其他几种问题的人。

And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.

并且，除非银行以吸引买家的价格持有有毒资产，否则复苏银行系统将会很困难。

"So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism," Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as 'a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are'."

“如此少的作家有足够的头脑或足够的文学天赋来在新闻业维持自己的地位，”纽曼写道，“以至于我倾向于将‘新闻业’定义为‘不被阅读的作家对被阅读的作家所使用的一个轻蔑术语’。”

Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.

总体而言，欧洲的食品和饮料批发市场正以与零售市场相同的缓慢速度增长，但这些数据加在一起时掩盖了两种相反的趋势。

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market.

他说，使得这次衰退与上次不同的是，市场上仍然有买家。

A(n) awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers' behavior by itself.

一种他们正在被实验的意识本身似乎足以改变工人的行为。

If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.

例如，如果网络中与最初有影响力人士仅隔两个层级的人表现出抗拒，那么变革的连锁反应就不会传播得很远，也不会影响很多人。

Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.

相比之下，货运飞机可能更容易重新安排时间，常规军事飞行也可能如此。