2013年考研英语真题长难句

In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals.

在纽约市大多数无家可归者的花园中，实际种植植物是不可行的，然而即便如此，这些构图常常似乎代表着唤起动植物生命精神的尝试，哪怕只是象征性地，通过材料的丛状排列、色彩的引入、小水池以及频繁出现的花瓣或叶子，还有填充动物。

There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

毫无疑问，花园表明一种不可抑制的创造、表达、塑造和美化的冲动，并且自我表达是一种基本的人类冲动；然而当人们看着无家可归者所创造的花园的照片时，人们会突然意识到，尽管它们风格多样，这些花园表明了各种其他基本冲动，超越了装饰和创造性表达的冲动。

On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.

这里展出的是各种奇幻元素，其在某种基本层面上的所指似乎是自然界。

But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.

但是Uri Simonsohn博士推测，无法考虑全局正导致决策者被他们正在处理的日常信息样本所偏见。

It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a "liberated" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.

正是这种对自然的隐性或显性指涉，完全证明了使用“花园”一词——尽管是在“解放的”意义上——来描述这些人造建筑的合理性。

This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent.

这种区别是如此之大，以至于在后者缺乏的情况下——就像对于这些不太可能的园丁们一样——前者变得更加紧迫。

Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.

科学家们已经发现，尽管我们容易做出快速的过度反应，但如果我们花一点时间思考我们可能会如何反应，我们就能减少甚至消除我们快速、本能反应的负面影响。

Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.

这些花园似乎响应或源于的另一种冲动或需求是如此内在，以至于我们几乎从未意识到它对我们持久的要求。

On the overturned provisions the majority held Congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers.

针对被推翻的条款，多数人认为国会已经蓄意“占据了这一领域”，而亚利桑那州因此侵犯了联邦的特权。

If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women – whether CEOs or their children's caregivers – and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

如果有适当的公共政策来帮助所有女性——无论是首席执行官还是她们孩子的照顾者——以及所有家庭，那么桑德伯格将不会比生活在一个更公正社会中的任何其他高能力人士更有新闻价值。

Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

普瑞斯特利解释了这位助手毛衣的深蓝色是如何多年来从时装秀流传到百货商店，再到这位可怜女孩无疑是在那里找到她这件衣服的特价区的。

For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.

例如，今日永存基金会将一个机械钟作为其旗舰项目，该钟被设计成在数千年后仍能计时。

Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.

戴维森的文章是近期出现的一系列文章之一，这些文章都在阐述一个观点，即我们如今失业率居高不下且中产阶级收入不断下降，在很大程度上是由于大衰退导致的需求大幅下降，但也是由于全球化和信息技术革命的发展，而这两者正以前所未有的速度用机器或外国工人取代劳动力。

This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category.

今年，有人提议改变该制度：“地平线2020”——一项将于2014年实施的新计划——将不会有这样的类别。

These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

这些问题都有人类行为的根本原因：所有问题都需要行为改变和社会创新，以及技术发展。例如，遏制气候变化，既要发展清洁能源，也要改变消费模式和促进税收接受度。

When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.

当我们被剥夺绿色、植物、树木时，我们大多数人会屈服于一种精神上的消沉，这种消沉我们通常归咎于某些心理状况，直到有一天我们发现自己身处花园中，感觉压迫感仿佛魔法般消失了。

Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" – it takes several days before a check is cashed and funds are withdrawn from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.

第三，纸质支票的使用给消费者提供了几天的“浮动期”——支票兑现和资金从开票人账户中提取需要几天时间，这意味着支票的开具者在此期间可以从资金中赚取利息。

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three-year indictment of "fast fashion".

这种自上而下的时尚行业观念已经过时，或者说与《过度着装》一书中所描述的狂热世界完全相悖，该书是伊丽莎白·克莱恩历时三年对“快时尚”的控诉。

The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such.

无家可归者的花园，实际上就是无家可归的花园，将形式引入到一种要么不存在形式要么形式不被如此察觉的城市环境中。

And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

并且社区的工作是否对知识的整体积累有很大贡献是值得怀疑的。

The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

唯一的主要反对意见来自安东宁·斯卡利亚大法官，他对可追溯至《外侨与煽动叛乱法》的州特权提供了更为强有力的辩护。

The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.

政府本质上是在声称，因为它不想执行国会的移民意愿，所以任何州也不应被允许这样做。

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line – Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

尽管几家快时尚公司已努力去抑制其对劳工和环境的影响——包括H&M及其绿色的Conscious Collection系列——Cline认为持久的改变只能由顾客来实现。

John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly "thin slice" information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in "thick sliced" long-term study.

婚姻专家约翰·戈特曼解释说，我们只有在将这种快速反应建立在“厚切式”长期研究的基础上之后，才能可靠地“薄切式”处理信息。

A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.

一个和平的圣地，无论它可能多么简陋，是一种独特的人类需求，与庇护所相反，庇护所是一种独特的动物需求。

These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable – meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that – and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.

这些标签鼓励注重时尚的消费者将衣服视为一次性用品——意味着只能洗一两次，尽管他们没有宣传这一点——并每隔几周更新他们的衣橱。

If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying.

如果我们知道当我们看到一张笑脸时（这是优秀的销售代表和房地产经纪人总是微笑的一个原因），我们会对消费品或住房选择反应过度，我们可以在购买前花一点时间。

Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely – though by no means uniformly – glowingly positive.

直到几十年前，我们对未来的愿景在很大程度上——尽管绝不是一致地——是极其乐观的。

Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.

由于无法分辨是有人确实反对行为广告，还是他们坚持使用微软的默认设置，一些人可能会忽略DNT信号并继续按此操作。

After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions – no matter how much "soft pressure" is put upon them.

毕竟，四十年的证据现已表明，欧洲和美国的公司一直在规避对女性到高层职位的精英式招聘和晋升——无论施加多少“软压力”给它们。

As Davidson notes, "In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs – about 6 million in total – disappeared."

正如戴维森所指出的，“在截至2009年的10年里，[美国]工厂解雇工人的速度如此之快，以至于几乎抹去了前70年的所有增长；大约每三个制造业岗位中就有一个——总共约600万个——消失了。”

In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.

在一个平庸正式结束的世界里，我们需要做很多事情来支持就业，但没有什么比通过某种21世纪的《退伍军人权利法案》更重要，该法案确保每个美国人都有机会接受高中后教育。

By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.

克莱恩认为，通过以极低价格提供时尚单品，这些品牌已经劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性节奏的行业。

Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they'll let you have for free.

很快你会感到自在地询问他们是否有用于汤和炖菜的火腿关节，或用于高汤的牛骨、鸡骨架和鱼头，通常他们会免费让你拿走。

Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one before that, then the score for the next applicant would drop by an average of 0.075 points.

西蒙松博士发现，如果在每日一系列受访者中前一位候选人的分数比再前一位候选人的分数高出0.75分或更多，那么下一位申请人的分数平均会下降0.075分。

Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings.

人性本是如此，大多数人坚持使用默认设置。

This might sound small, but to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.

这听起来可能微不足道，但要消除这种下降的影响，候选人需要比原本所需的多出30分GMAT分数。

In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe's top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.

特别是，企业工作场所将永远不会完全适合家庭，除非女性参与高级管理层决策，并且欧洲的顶级公司治理职位仍然以男性为主。

Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."

在国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的濒危物种《红色名录》中查阅智人，你会读到：“该物种被列为无危物种，因为其分布极为广泛，适应性强，目前数量正在增加，且没有导致整体种群数量下降的主要威胁。”

But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.

但是如果国会想要阻止各州使用它们自己的资源来检查移民身份，它可以。

The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.

这些分数随后与申请者在经企管理研究生入学考试（或称GMAT，一种总分800分的标准化考试）中的分数一起被用于决定是否录取他或她。

Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

亚利桑那州曾试图制定与现有的联邦政策平行的州政策。

To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.

套用伟大的社会科学家约瑟夫·熊彼特的话：没有创造性破坏，就没有根本性创新。

The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.

白宫认为亚利桑那州的法律与其执法优先事项相冲突，即使州法律严格遵守联邦法规。

After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants at least twice a week.

扣除账单后，托尼每周有60英镑可花，其中40英镑用于食物，但10年前他在企业传讯部门工作，年薪13万英镑，每周至少在伦敦最好的餐厅吃两次饭。

"Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful," Cline argues.

"批量生产的服装，就像快餐一样，满足一种渴望和需求，但不耐用且浪费，"克莱因认为。

With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease.

无论有无许可，他们都能轻松跨越法律、司法管辖区和身份。

DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8 – though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.

DNT似乎并不是Windows 8的一个明显的巨大卖点——尽管该公司此前在这方面曾将其部分其他产品与谷歌的产品进行过有利的比较。

Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home.

随着许多希望在美国永久安家的人而来的，还有那些无意停留、只想赚些钱然后回家的人。

Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.

考虑到电子货币的优势，你可能会认为我们会快速迈向无现金社会，在这个社会中所有支付都以电子方式进行。