2018年考研英语真题长难句

By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage – where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.

到莎士比亚二十五岁时，李利、皮尔和格林已经创作了既受欢迎又具有文学性的喜剧；基德已经写了一部让剧院正厅挤满观众的悲剧；而马洛则将诗歌和天赋带到了普通舞台上取得胜利——自欧里庇得斯去世后，诗歌和天赋在普通舞台上就没有发挥过作用。

It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.

正是在这样的背景下，信息专员伊丽莎白·德纳姆对英国国民医疗服务体系（NHS）旗下的皇家自由医院信托基金发布了她的谴责性裁决，该信托基金于2015年根据一项模糊的协议将160万患者的记录移交给了深度思维公司（DeepMind），而该协议几乎没有考虑到患者的权利以及他们对隐私的期望。

And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS's ultimate overseer – Congress – insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected.

并且从邮政工会到贺卡制造商的利益集团对美国邮政署的最终监督者——国会——施加利己压力，坚持认为无论邮政服务发生什么其他情况，他们所依赖的现状的各个方面都要得到保护。

Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?

在中产阶级面临的恼人挑战中，有一个很可能会在下届总统竞选中不被提及：当机器人来抢他们的工作时会发生什么？

But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.

但这种区分忽略了关键在于处理和整合，而非仅仅拥有数据位，这赋予了数据价值。

These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical.

这些新形式最初主要由学者撰写并由业余爱好者表演，但在英国，如同西欧其他地方一样，一类职业演员阶层的兴起正威胁着要使戏剧普及，无论它是新的还是旧的、古典的还是中世纪的、文学的还是滑稽的。

Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

宫廷、学校、业余爱好者组织以及巡回演员都是满足广泛的戏剧娱乐需求的竞争对手；并且任何上过文法学校的男孩都不可能不知道戏剧是一种曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀且可能也会给英国带来荣誉的文学形式。

The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century – the period when the United States emerged as an international power.

国家、战争与海军大楼，正如其最初的名称那样，在十九世纪最后二十五年和二十世纪最初二十五年期间——也就是美国崛起为国际强国的时期——容纳了三个与制定和执行国家外交政策最密切相关的行政部门。

When left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would happen.

当被独自留在房间里时，那些不知道哪些会电击他们的学生比那些知道会发生什么的学生按了更多的笔并遭受了更多的电击。

Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.

正如一些蚂蚁养殖被称为蚜虫的虫子以获取它们进食时产生的蜜露一样，谷歌也养殖我们以获取我们数字生活产生的数据。

What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.

WhatsApp提供给Facebook的是其用户友谊和社交生活的一个复杂且精细详细的网络。

But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation – and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

但该信息在爱荷华州的许多人中反响不佳，在该州，风力涡轮机遍布田野，并提供该州36%的发电量——而且像微软这样的科技巨头正被清洁能源的可获得性所吸引，以给他们的数据中心供电。

Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns.

1875年完工的国务院南翼是第一个被占用的部分，其优雅的四层图书馆（1876年完工）、外交接待室和部长办公室装饰有木雕、东方地毯和模板墙图案。

But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That's not the only thing the American economy needs.

但是这种轻率地推动所有人获得学士学位——以及对任何低于此的学历进行微妙的贬低——忽略了一个重要的点：那不是美国经济所需要的唯一东西。

The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions.

后一步骤将在很大程度上抵消每年预先资助退休人员医疗保健的财务负担，从而解决美国邮政局及其工会长期存在的抱怨。

Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

蒂姆·哈福德，《混乱：无序改变我们生活的力量》一书的作者，指出20世纪80年代初的一项研究，该研究将本科生分为两组：一些人被建议制定每月目标和学习活动；另一些人则被要求更详细地按天规划活动和目标。

What Washington does – or doesn't do – to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

华盛顿为推广替代能源所做的——或未做的——在全球思想转变之际，其意义可能越来越小。

In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an image.

在最后一项实验中，被鼓励预测观看一张令人不愉快的图片后他们会有什么感受的参与者，不太可能选择看这样的图片。

"At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting", he writes.

"在任何特定时刻，我都应该安排大约下个月的深度工作。一旦被列入日程，我就会像保护医生预约或重要会议一样保护这段时间"，他写道。

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work – be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a "journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.

有许多掌握深度工作艺术的方法——无论是致力于特定任务的长时间静修；培养日常习惯；还是在一整天中一有机会就采取“新闻式”的方法来抓住深度工作的时刻。

If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform.

如果该法案在众议院获得通过，这项措施仍必须在参议院获得通过——在那里必然会有人指出，这仅仅相当于维持邮政服务运转所必需的最低最低限度，而非全面改革。

These results suggest that imagining the outcome of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine whether it is worth the endeavor.

这些结果表明，提前想象满足自己好奇心的结果能够帮助判断这是否值得努力。

Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.

哈佛医学院精神病学助理教授Srini Pillay认为，这种休息时间和生产力之间的反直觉联系可能是由于我们大脑运作的方式。

In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face.

换句话说，在工人阶级已经使国家政治局面发生彻底转变的这个时刻，由于曾经定义美国的机会正在消失而感到沮丧，一个明显的解决方案正摆在我们面前。

By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power.

当一个问题被处理和纠正时，它可能已经在市场上消失了，取而代之的是新的权力滥用。

A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building.

一系列火灾（包括1814年英国人点燃的那些）和过度拥挤的状况导致了现有财政部大楼的建造。

To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

要认识到戏剧活动是多么伟大，我们必须进一步记住，大量的戏剧已经失传，并且可能没有任何著名作家的全部作品得以留存。

About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.

根据牛津大学的一项研究，大约一半的美国工作岗位处于被自动化的高风险中，中产阶级受到不成比例的挤压。

Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul's and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.

旨在获得文学声望的戏剧是为学校或宫廷而写的，或者是为圣保罗大教堂和皇家礼拜堂的唱诗班男孩们而写的，然而这些男孩们既在宫廷也在公共场合表演戏剧。

The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.

海军部于1879年迁入东翼，在那里，精致的墙壁和天花板彩绘以及镶嵌地板装饰了部长的办公室。

Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

温斯顿·丘吉尔曾走过它的走廊，并且日本使者在珍珠港轰炸事件后在这里与美国国务卿科德尔·赫尔会面。

During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.

根据牛津大学的研究，在2016年总统竞选期间，密歇根州这个政治关键州的推特用户所分享的网络内容中，近四分之一是假新闻。

The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will seek to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will hurt.

这项新研究揭示，求知的需求如此强烈，以至于人们会试图满足他们的好奇心，即使很明显答案会令人痛苦。

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of "deep work" – the ability to focus without distraction.

为了对抗过分强调忙碌的陷阱，《深度工作：在分心的世界中专注成功的规则》一书的作者卡尔·纽波特建议养成“深度工作”的习惯——不受干扰地专注的能力。

It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

可能全食超市对亚马逊的价值与其说是它拥有的460家店铺，不如说是顾客购买商品的记录。

There's no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency's costs.

美国邮政总局的集体谈判没有变化，考虑到人员占该机构成本的80%，这是一个重大遗漏。

The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.

工业革命对于那些工作被机械化织布机取代的卢德派成员来说并不顺利，但它最终提高了生活水平，并创造了比其摧毁的更多的就业机会。

So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.

因此，当年轻人对过度发推文的总统持批评态度时，他们展现出思维技能方面的心智自律——以及在社交媒体上何时分享的选择方面的心智自律。

It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives.

仅仅说DeepMind开发的算法将使患者受益并拯救生命是不够的。

What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.

重要的是它们将属于一个利用公共资源开发它们的私人垄断企业。

Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

哈福德认为，不可避免的干扰常常使每日待办事项清单失效，而在这样的清单中留出即兴发挥的空间可以收获最佳结果。

Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it "controlled" the data and DeepMind merely "processed" it.

德纳姆女士选择将责任集中在NHS信托上，因为根据现有法律，它“控制”着数据，而DeepMind仅仅“处理”这些数据。

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.

这一进展部分是由汽车制造商推动的，他们在电池驱动的电动汽车上下了大赌注。

Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.

在未来几年里，技术将以大大小小的方式改善社会，但这对那些发现自己的生活和职业生涯被自动化颠覆的人来说，几乎不会带来什么安慰。

Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace.

是数字原住民的年轻人确实正在更熟练地在网络空间中区分事实与虚构。

What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May's enemies are currently plotting?

哪个政治记者，哪个党鞭，会不想知道特蕾莎·梅的敌人目前正在其中密谋的WhatsApp群组的构成？

Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were willing to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.

在未被欺骗的孩子中，大多数愿意与测试者合作学习新技能，表明他们信任他的领导能力。

Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests.

社交媒体允许用户更亲密且即时地体验新闻事件，同时也允许他们将新闻作为自己价值观和兴趣的投射进行转发。

He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical.

他是新罕布什尔州一所高中的教师，在这所高中，学习不是书本、考试和机械记忆之类的事情，而是实践性的。

Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures.

一项法案正在众议院推进，该法案将在五年内为美国邮政总局节省估计286亿美元，这有助于支付新车辆以及其他生存措施的费用。