2015年6月·第2套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析

What kind of business is the man engaged in?

被问者首句应答即点业务。女士开口问生意的由来，男士的回答第一段就点出做的是 products for left-handers，被问者的直接应答就是答案落点；后文 About 75 percent of our stock is specially made for us. 进一步坐实卖的是左撇子用品。

• promote a few products for left-handers↔Selling products made for left-handers推广卖货同指经营左撇子用品

• A)偷换概念Providing aid to the disabled. 把服务对象改成 the disabled（残疾人）。录音通篇说的是 left-handers（左撇子），左撇子并非残疾人，这是偷换服务对象。
• C)原词陷阱Promoting products for manufacturers. 盗用了录音原词 promote，听到 promote 就想选正中陷阱。但原文是 promote a few products for left-handers——为左撇子推广，而非 for manufacturers（替厂商推广）；后文厂商是替他生产的一方，方向被调反了。

  借用原文：promote a few products for left-handers

• D)原词陷阱Printing labels for manufactured goods. 说印标签。录音里只提到 Gruby 曾是 retired printer（退休印刷工），D 蹭了 print 这个词面，但他做的生意是卖左撇子用品、不是印标签，印刷只是他的旧职业。

  借用原文：retired printer

What does the man say about his stock of products?

数字＋stock关键词。这句同时砸出 About 75 percent 这个百分比和题干关键词 stock，数字本身就是答案信号；预读时已提醒「听到数字立刻记」，此处正好兑现。

• About 75 percent of our stock↔Most of them75%＝Most
• specially made for us↔specially made for his shopfor us＝for his shop

• A)原词陷阱About half of them are unavailable on the market. 既把比例从 75% 篡改成 half，又说成「市面上买不到」。录音 About 75 percent of our stock is specially made for us 讲的是特制比例，不是「买不到」的比例，比例数和说法都被改坏。

  借用原文：About 75 percent of our stock

• B)原词陷阱The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design. 提到 kitchenware（厨具），录音第10段确实说 a large range of kitchenware，但只说品类齐全，从未说它 unique design（独特设计）；B 蹭了 kitchenware 这个原词，却安上原文没有的评价。

  借用原文：a large range of kitchenware

• C)与原文相反All of them are manufactured in his own plant. 说全部由自家工厂生产。录音是 contacted the manufacturers with the idea of having products produced for him——找别的厂商代为生产，并非 his own plant（自家工厂）；且 All 与 75% 的范围也不符。

  借用原文：contacted the manufacturers with the idea of having products produced for him

What can we know about the business of left-handed products?

now＋more的今昔对比。这句里 now 与 more left-handed products actually on the market 一起出现，正是预读盯的「今昔变化」信号词；后一句 Manufacturers are now beginning to see that there is a market 再次用 now beginning 强化「现在才变多」的方向。

• there are more left-handed products actually on the market↔There are more left-handed products on the market now几乎原句对应

• A)张冠李戴It is the man who is talking that set up the business. 说创业的是正在说话的这个人。录音第2段是 the original shop was opened by a retired printer by the name of Gruby——创店人是 Gruby，不是受访的这位老板，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：the original shop was opened by a retired printer by the name of Gruby

• B)与原文相反There was more competition in the business about 30 years ago. 说 30 年前竞争更多。录音里 30 年只用来标记时间 some 25, 30 years after Mr. Gruby's initial efforts，并说现在产品和市场都在变多，竞争是现在才出现，B 把方向颠倒了（说成过去更多）。

  借用原文：some 25, 30 years after Mr. Gruby's initial efforts

• D)未提及People in the business should run stores to sell products. 说同行都应该开实体店卖货。录音第12段只说别家 only as mail order outlets（只做邮购）、自己才有实体店，从未说「同行应当开店」，这是原文没有的主张。

What does the man say about other people in his line of business?

other people＋but切换主体。句首 other people in the business 点出主语是同行，紧接 but only as mail order outlets 用 but+only 限定他们的经营方式；后面再用 But we have a shop 把话题切回自己——两个 but 把「别人」和「我们」清楚隔开，问 other people 就只取前半。

• but only as mail order outlets↔They sell by mail order onlyonly mail order outlets＝by mail order only

• A)原词陷阱They specialise in one product only. 说同行只专做一种产品。录音 other people in the business now as specialists 只说他们是 specialists（专业经营者），并未说只卖 one product；A 蹭了 specialist 这个词，却把「专业」歪解成「只做一种」。

  借用原文：other people in the business now as specialists

• B)原词陷阱They have outlets throughout Britain. 说同行门店遍布全英。录音里 outlets 只出现在 only as mail order outlets（邮购渠道），既没说遍布全英，outlets 指的也是邮购点而非实体连锁店，B 盗用 outlets 一词又夸大了范围。

  借用原文：only as mail order outlets

• C)张冠李戴They run chain stores in central London. 把伦敦市中心的店安到同行（They）头上。但 But we have a shop here in central London 明说在伦敦有店的是「我们」、且只是 a shop（一家店）不是 chain stores（连锁）；C 既张冠李戴又夸大成连锁。

  借用原文：But we have a shop here in central London

What do we learn about the man's company?

男方亲口说"我们来做推广"，自述业务。答案信号是男方的自述句 We would like to run the campaign for four extra weeks.——他张口就提出"由我方再跑四周推广活动"，说明经营推广是他公司的本职业务；这是说话人自报家门式的应答，不是靠关键词扫描得来。

• run the campaign↔runs sales promotion campaigns原文动作 run the campaign 概括成业务名 promotion campaigns

• A)原词陷阱录音第 2 段女方提到 The ads also did not appear in two key magazines. 念到了 magazines（杂志），但那只是说广告没登上杂志，绝不等于男方公司"出版杂志"；选项 It publishes magazines. 盗用这个原词诱你误选。

  借用原文：The ads also did not appear in two key magazines.

• B)未提及It is engaged in product design. 的"产品设计"在整段对话里根本没出现，纯属凭"商务公司"的常识硬猜，属无中生有。
• C)原词陷阱录音第 2 段女方说 It missed two important trade fairs. 念到了 trade fairs（展会），但那是"推广错过了展会"，而非男方公司"赞助展会"；选项 It sponsors trade fairs. 盗用这个原词，把"错过"偷换成"赞助"。

  借用原文：It missed two important trade fairs.

Why was the campaign delayed according to the man?

题干限定 the man，定位男方的甩锅应答句。答案信号是男方把责任推回去的应答 You did in fact make late changes to the specifications of the advertisements.——他用"不全怪我们"转而指出对方临时改了规格。这正是 according to the man 要的那句，靠"被问者/男方的应答"信号锁定，不是扫关键词。

• You did in fact make late changes to the specifications of the advertisements.↔The woman's company made last-minute changes.you→the woman's company，late changes→last-minute changes

• A)未提及The woman's company failed to make payments in time. 说的"未按时付款"，对话里压根没提付款这回事，属无中生有。
• B)原词陷阱录音第 3 段男方念到 the specifications of the advertisements（广告的规格说明），选项 The ad specifications had not been given in detail. 盗用 specifications，编造"规格说明没给详细"——而男方的原意是"规格被临时改动"，不是"没写详细"。

  借用原文：make late changes to the specifications of the advertisements

• D)答非所问Organising the promotion was really time-consuming. 说"组织推广很费时"，这既不是男方给出的延误原因，录音也没这么说；男方明确把原因归到女方改规格，与"本身就费时"无关。

What does the woman propose as a solution to the problem?

女方的 we are asking you 提议句，含 either...or 双方案。答案信号是女方亲口提议的 we are asking you either to repeat the campaign next year for free, or we only pay 50% of the fee for this year——we are asking 就是"提议"的应答动作，either...or 摆出两个方案。这是女方的提议句，靠"提议动词"信号锁定。

• we only pay 50% of the fee for this year↔Cut the fee by half for this year只付 50% 的费用 = 把费用砍掉一半

• A)张冠李戴Run another four-week campaign. 的"再做四周推广"来自男方第 1、5 段的 run the campaign for four extra weeks，是男方的提议，不是女方的；张冠李戴。

  借用原文：run the campaign for four extra weeks

• B)未提及Give her a 10 percent discount. 的"10% 折扣"在对话里根本没出现（男方提的是 20% 减让），属把数字改错的无中生有。
• C)原词陷阱录音里女方说的是 repeat the campaign next year for free（明年免费重做），选项 Extend the campaign to next year. 盗用 next year，却把"免费重做"偷换成"把活动延长到明年"，意思不同。

  借用原文：repeat the campaign next year for free

What does the man suggest they do at the end of the conversation?

录音末段男方的 let's take a break 建议句。答案信号是对话最后一段男方的提议 let's take a break 加 Perhaps we should think about this.——这是结尾处的"建议"应答句，let's/Perhaps we should 都是提议语气，正是 at the end 要的那句。

• let's take a break↔Stop negotiating for the time being暂时休息=暂时停止谈判
• We're not getting very far.↔Stop negotiating for the time being"没进展"佐证是暂停谈判而非别的动作

• A)过度推断Calm down and make peace. 的"冷静下来、握手言和"听着像谈判收尾的暖话，但男方结尾只说休息、再想想，没提"和好"，属凭情景想象的过度推断。
• B)原词陷阱Improve their promotion plans. 的 promotion 来自前文谈的推广活动，但男方结尾说的是"休息、再想想"，没说要"改进推广方案"；盗用 promotion 制造熟悉感。

  借用原文：The campaign missed two key trade fairs.

• D)原词陷阱Reflect on their respective mistakes. 的"各自反省错误"借用了男方第 9 段 I think we both made mistakes. 里的 mistakes，但那是男方早先承认"双方都有错"，并非结尾 at the end 的建议；结尾男方建议的是"休息、再想"，不是"反省错误"。

  借用原文：I think we both made mistakes.

What does the passage say about most of the mice used for experiments?

most＋概括句。信号是题干里的 most 直接对应原文 most give their lives for humanity 这句带 most 的概括陈述——录音里出现和题干同一限定词（most）的概括句，往往就是答案句，不必去抠前后的细节。

• most give their lives for humanity↔They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.give lives＝sacrifice lives 同义改写

• A)原词陷阱录音确实反复讲 the labels we put on things，选项 A 用 labeled pet animals by the researchers 蹭这个原词，但原文说的是“贴标签会影响道德判断”，从未说研究者把大多数老鼠标成 pet（宠物），听到 label 就选 A 正是原词陷阱。

  借用原文：the labels we put on things can affect our moral responses to them

• B)张冠李戴原文 a model animal facility, spotlessly clean 里的 spotlessly clean 形容的是“实验楼这个设施”干净，B 项 They look spotlessly clean throughout their lives. 把它安到“老鼠身上、且终生干净”，把形容设施的词挪给了老鼠，属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：a model animal facility, spotlessly clean

• C)原词陷阱原文出现 won the protection of the animal-care committee，是说“好老鼠赢得动物照护委员会的保护”，C 项 They are looked after by animal-care organizations. 把 animal-care 这个原词留下，却说成“被动物照护组织照料”，且原文只针对“好老鼠”而非 most 老鼠，既偷换了主体范围又夸大了照护，故排。

  借用原文：These are "good" mice and as such won the protection of the animal-care committee.

Why did the so-called bad mice have to be captured and destroyed?

disrupt experiments＝破坏信号。信号是 disrupt experiments 这个明确的“破坏”动词——录音把坏老鼠和“扰乱实验”直接挂钩，正是回答 Why 的因果落点，听到 disrupt 就该锁定这句。

• They can disrupt experiments with the bacteria organisms they carry↔They may affect the results of experiments.disrupt experiments＝affect the results 概括改写

• A)未提及原文只说坏老鼠携带细菌扰乱实验，从没说它们 behave abnormally（行为异常）；“行为异常”是听者凭“坏老鼠”二字想当然补出来的，原文无据，属未提及。
• B)未提及They may breed out of control.（失控繁殖）是老鼠常见的刻板印象，但本段讲的是它们携带细菌扰乱实验，全程未提繁殖问题，属凭常识脑补的未提及项。
• D)偷换概念原文坏老鼠的危害是对“实验”，D 项 They may cause damage to the environment. 把危害对象偷换成“环境”，实验室里扰乱实验和破坏环境是两码事，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：They can disrupt experiments with the bacteria organisms they carry

When are mice killed without prior approval?

Once＋条件信号。信号是条件连词 Once——录音用 Once a research animal … becomes an escapee 引出条件，紧接着说它道德地位骤降（即可不经审批处死），听到 Once 就该锁定这句作答 When。

• Once a research animal hits the floor and becomes an escapee↔When they become escapees.becomes an escapee＝become escapees 近乎直取

• A)未提及原文触发无须审批处死的条件是“成为逃跑者”，而非 no longer useful（不再有用）；“没用了就处理掉”是听者对实验动物的合理联想，但原文并未以“失去用处”为条件，属未提及。
• B)未提及when they become ill.（生病时）原文未提；坏老鼠是“携带细菌”，但那是它们害实验的原因，并非“生病才被无审批处死”的条件，二者不可混为一谈，属未提及。
• D)未提及when they get too old.（太老时）同样是对实验动物命运的常识性猜测，原文从未以“年老”为处死条件，无出处，属未提及。

Why does the speaker say what the Herzogs did at home is ironical?

转折 Yet＋同时对照。信号是转折词 Yet even as they mourned Willy——Yet 把前面“为宠物鼠厚葬”与后面“为害鼠设夹处死”猛地对照起来，even as（就在…的同时）强化了同时进行的矛盾，这正是讽刺的落点。

• it was accorded a tearful ceremonial burial in the garden↔While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouseceremonial burial＝burial ceremony 同义重组
• setting snap traps to kill the pest mice in their kitchen↔they were killing pest micesetting traps to kill＝killing 概括改写

• B)未提及While advocating freedom for animals, they kept their pet mouse in a cage. 里 advocating freedom（倡导自由）和 kept… in a cage（关进笼子）原文都没说，是借“动物伦理”话题编出的矛盾，属未提及。
• C)原词陷阱原文确有 his young son's pet mouse Willy（儿子的宠物鼠），C 项 While calling for animal rights, they allowed their kids to keep pet animals. 蹭“孩子/宠物”原词，却把矛盾说成“呼吁动物权利却允许孩子养宠物”，既非原文那组对照、calling for animal rights 也没说，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：when his young son's pet mouse Willy died recently

• D)张冠李戴原文 setting snap traps to kill the pest mice in their kitchen 里的 traps、kitchen 全被 D 项 While launching animal protection campaigns, they were trapping kitchen mice. 借走，但前半 launching animal protection campaigns（发起动物保护运动）原文没说——原文矛盾的前半是“厚葬宠物鼠”而非“搞动保运动”，盗了原词却换了对照的另一半，属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：he and his wife were setting snap traps to kill the pest mice in their kitchen

What does the speaker say about the natives of New York?

born here 锁定 natives 的描述句。原文虽未直接用 natives 一词，但 the man or woman who was born here (生在这里的人)正是 natives，紧跟的 who takes the city for granted 就是对这群人的核心刻画，听到“born here”就该锁定其后的描述。

• takes the city for granted↔They take it for granted.原句近乎原样保留

• A)张冠李戴They contribute most to it. 听着像原文“the greatest”，但原文说贡献最大、最伟大的是第三类人 settlers(the greatest is the last)，不是 natives，把后者的功劳安到了 natives 头上。

  借用原文：Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the last

• B)张冠李戴They are crazy about it. 对应的是 settlers “像初恋般热烈拥抱纽约”(each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love)，那是第三类人，不是 natives，属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love

• C)未提及They often find fault with it. (常挑城市毛病)在原文中找不到任何对应，natives 是“take for granted”而非批评，属凭空捏造。

What does the speaker say commuters give to New York?

三个 give 并列，紧跟主语取宾语。Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness 是三组“某群人 give it 某物”并列中的第一组；信号就是主语“Commuters”后紧跟的 give 宾语，听到“Commuters give…”立刻锁住其后名词。

• tidal restlessness↔Tidal restlessness.原词短语整体搬入选项

• B)张冠李戴Heat and light. 确在原文出现，但说的是 settlers “生出热与光”(each generates heat and light)，不是 commuters 给的，盗用了原词却安错了人。

  借用原文：each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company

• C)未提及Economic prosperity. (经济繁荣)在原文里根本没出现，commuters 给的是 tidal restlessness 而非经济，属无中生有。
• D)张冠李戴Historical continuity. 对应原文 natives “give it solidity and continuity”(natives give it solidity and continuity)，是本地人给的，不是 commuters，又一处张冠李戴。

  借用原文：natives give it solidity and continuity

What do we learn about the settlers of New York?

an adventurer 直接点出 settlers 身份。描写 settlers 的句子里 with the fresh eyes of an adventurer (以冒险者新奇的眼光)直接把这群人比作“冒险者”，这个比喻就是答案信号，听到“adventurer”即可锁定。

• with the fresh eyes of an adventurer↔They are adventurers from all over the world.比喻提取为身份判断
• the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York↔from all over the world“别处来的人”概括为“来自世界各地”

• A)与原文相反They lack knowledge of the culture of the city. 与原文相反：原文说 settlers 给纽约带来“对艺术的投入”与“无可比拟的成就”(its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements)，绝非缺乏文化，属与原文相反。

  借用原文：its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements

• C)未提及They have difficulty surviving. 原文未提；虽有意大利农夫开小杂货铺、姑娘逃离故乡等例子，但讲的是他们怀着激情而来，并非生存艰难，属无中生有。
• D)与原文相反They find the city alien to them. (觉得城市陌生疏离)与原文相反：settlers “像初恋般拥抱纽约”(each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love)，是亲近狂热而非疏离。

  借用原文：each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love

According to Professor Dreiser, which of the following discoveries was made during the first era in the history of nutrition?

首次认识到 + 阶段标志词。答案句的信号是阶段标志词加"首次认识"：录音先用 The first era 点出正是题目要问的第一时期，随后 it was recognized for the first time that food contained components that were essential for human function 用"首次认识到……必需成分"正面给出该时期的发现，这句就是答案句。

• food contained components that were essential for human function↔Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet概括 + 蛋白质点名

• B)原词陷阱Vitamins were synthesized from foods 盗用了录音里的高频词 vitamins，但维生素是 The second era... might be called the vitamin period 第二时期的事，不是第一时期；且录音说维生素是"在食物中被认识"，不是"被合成"。听到 vitamins 就选，正中原词陷阱。

  借用原文：The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called the vitamin period

• C)原词陷阱Effective measures of weight loss were determined 借用了录音原词 rapid weight loss，但录音说的是"快速减重与营养失衡有关、需靠蛋白质纠正"，是把减重当"问题"来纠正，绝非"确定了有效的减重方法"。盗 weight loss 一词却把意思整个说反。

  借用原文：rapid weight loss was associated with nutrition imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein

• D)未提及Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health 听起来像那么回事，但录音第一时期只讲"食物含必需成分""蛋白质能纠正失衡"，从没说"某些食物有害健康"。这是录音根本没出现的内容。

What is the purpose of teaching concepts of nutrition in medical schools?

因果衔接 At that point。答案句的信号是前后因果衔接：录音先说大家倾向于认为 every disease and condition... might be responsive to vitamin therapy（疾病或可用维生素疗法应对），紧接 At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts——医学院教营养，正是承接"把营养用于治病"这股潮流而来，目的就藏在这层因果里。

• might be responsive to vitamin therapy↔apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease用维生素治病 = 营养用于治疗
• integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences↔encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition课程整合 → 鼓励应用

• A)偷换概念urge medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition 借了录音常出现的 research / nutrition 词面，但录音说医学院"把营养整合进课程"是为让医生临床上用营养治病，不是号召医生去"参与营养研究"。教学目的被偷换成科研目的。

  借用原文：medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences

• C)过度推断conduct experimental vitamin therapies on their patients 盗用了 vitamin therapy 一词，并把它夸大成"在病人身上做实验性疗法"。录音只说设想疾病"或可对维生素疗法有反应"，从未说要让医生在患者身上做实验，这是把语气加重的过度推断。

  借用原文：every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy

• D)未提及support the creation of artificial vitamins 蹭了 vitamins 一词，但录音讲医学院教营养是为临床应用，全程没提"支持制造人工维生素"。这是录音未出现的内容，与教学目的无关。

Why did vitamin therapy become less popular in the 1950s?

负面措辞 + 夸大表述。答案句的信号有两层：先是负面措辞 vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute（开始失宠）点明现象，随后 Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated 用"成效期望被夸大"正面给出原因。听到"失宠"后紧跟的 exaggerated 就是答案落点。

• Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated↔Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were exaggerated近乎同义对译

• A)张冠李戴The public lost interest in vitamins 听着像，但录音说变得不那么受欢迎的是 nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular——是医学院的营养教育，且 drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing 显示销量曾猛涨，公众并未失去兴趣。把"医学院"张冠李戴成"公众"。

  借用原文：nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular

• B)原词陷阱Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts 盗用了 medical schools、nutritional concepts 等原词，但录音只说医学院营养教育"became less popular"（变得不那么受欢迎），不是 stopped（停止教）。把"变冷门"夸大成"停教"，程度说过了。

  借用原文：nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular

• C)未提及Nutritional research was of poor quality 蹭了 nutrition 词面，但录音从未说"营养研究质量差"，只说对维生素"成效的期望被夸大"。把原因偷换成"研究质量低"，是录音没说的内容。

What does the talk mainly discuss?

开篇点题句统领全文。讲座第一句 babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them 即抛出主题，后文从"区分人声""母亲的说话方式""分辨语音""享受声音"四个方面层层展开，都是对它的细化，因此开篇这句就是主旨落点。

• pay special attention to the speech↔perceive and respond to the human voicepay attention to ≈ perceive and respond to
• Long before they can actually speak↔in their early stages of language development会说话之前 ≈ 语言发展早期

• A)偷换概念How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds. 说的"区分人声与其他声音"，确实在 babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of sounds 出现过，但那只是开篇举的第一个表现，全文还讲了母亲说话、分辨语音、享受声音，A 只占一段，撑不起主旨。

  借用原文：babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of sounds

• B)未提及The differences between a baby's and an adult's ability to comprehend language. 把主题说成"婴儿与成人理解能力之差"，但全文聚焦婴儿一方，只在结尾顺带提了一句成人（the route to dull meaning that it often is for adults），从未以"婴儿 vs 成人对比"为主线。
• D)偷换概念The response of a baby to sounds other than the human voice. 把主题说成"对非人声的反应"，而全文恰恰强调婴儿对"人声"的特别关注，非人声（如 a bell ring）只是用来反衬人声的配角，D 把主次彻底颠倒。

  借用原文：they hear a bell ring

Why does the speaker mention the ringing of a bell?

转折对照句 but not。铃声出现在 They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell ring 这个 but 对照结构里：人声让婴儿止哭、铃声不能。提到铃声正是为了与人声形成反差，证明婴儿对人声有特别反应。

• stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell ring↔contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman soundsbut 对照 ≈ contrast

• B)原词陷阱To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry. 说提铃声是举"让婴儿哭的声音"之例，但原文是 They will stop crying——讲的是"停止哭"，且铃声是"不能让婴儿止哭"，并非"让婴儿哭"，方向完全拧了。

  借用原文：They will stop crying when they hear a person talking

• C)偷换概念To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds. 说是解释婴儿如何区分"不同的非人声之间"，但原文的对照是"人声 vs 非人声"，铃声只是非人声的一个代表，根本没讲非人声彼此之间的区分。

  借用原文：responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of sounds

• D)未提及To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like. 把铃声说成"婴儿不喜欢的玩具"之例，原文只字未提 toys，更没说婴儿"不喜欢"，纯属编造。

What can we learn from the findings of babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures?

研究信号词 observed…found that。One researcher observed…and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified grammar, short sentences 里 found that 引出的正是该研究的结论，in all six languages 强调"六种语言里母亲做法一致"，这就是答案句。

• in all six languages, the mothers used simplified grammar, short sentences↔speak to their babies in a similar way六种语言做法一致 ≈ 方式相似
• six diverse cultures↔Mothers from different culturesdiverse cultures = different cultures

• A)过度推断Babies who are exposed to more than one language can acquire languages earlier than those to a single language. 拿"接触多语言的婴儿习得更早"作答，但这段研究讲的是"母亲说话方式"，从未比较多语言与单语言婴儿谁习得更早，earlier 这一比较是凭空加的。
• C)与原文相反Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending their parents' language. 说婴儿"忽略面部表情"，但原文 They also exaggerate their facial expressions 讲的是母亲"夸大面部表情"来帮助婴儿，方向正好相反，且主语也从母亲偷换成婴儿。

  借用原文：They also exaggerate their facial expressions

• D)过度推断The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak. 称母亲在"有意识地教婴儿说话"，但原文说母亲是 make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language（尽量让婴儿好学），是自然简化语言、并非 consciously 刻意施教，consciously 是无中生有的拔高。

  借用原文：Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language

According to the talk, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot understand them?

因果/解释句 derive pleasure。Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too 先给出原因——婴儿从声音中获得乐趣，冒号后才说他们"会听歌、听故事，尽管听不懂词"，所以"听"的原因正是"从声音中得到快乐"。

• Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input↔They enjoy the sounds of them.derive pleasure from sound ≈ enjoy the sounds

• A)与原文相反They understand the rhythm. 说婴儿"理解节奏"，但原文恰恰强调 the words themselves are beyond their understanding（词义超出他们的理解），通篇没说他们"理解"任何东西，understand 与原文基调相悖。

  借用原文：although the words themselves are beyond their understanding

• C)未提及They can remember them easily. 说婴儿"容易记住"歌和故事，但原文只讲"获得乐趣"，从未提及记忆或 remember，属凭空添加。
• D)与原文相反They focus on their parents' words. 说婴儿"专注于父母的话语（词）"，但原文 language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to dull meaning 明说对婴儿而言语言是感官愉悦、而非通往词义的路径，正与"专注词义"相反。

  借用原文：language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to dull meaning that it often is for adults

According to the talk, which country played a leading role in the invention and promotion of cinema?

强调结构 above all + took the lead。答案句靠两处"领先信号"锁定：It was above all the French 用 above all(首先、最重要的是)把法国顶到第一位，后面 it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead 又用 took the lead(起带头作用)再次点名法国。听到 above all、the most、took the lead 这类"拔高/排第一"的词，紧跟的对象就是答案。

• above all the French↔France.the French=France
• who were the most passionate exporters↔promotion of cinemaexporters↔promotion

• A)原词陷阱录音确实念到了 British(英国)，但原句是 the British and the Germans played a relatively small role——明说英、德"作用相对较小"。选 Britain. 正是"听到 British 就选"，恰好选反，英国是"作用小"的反例，不是带头者。

  借用原文：the British and the Germans played a relatively small role

• B)原词陷阱Germany 也在录音里出现，但同样在 the British and the Germans played a relatively small role 这句里被归为"作用相对较小"的一方。选 Germany. 与 A 一样是被原词勾住、却选了"配角"。

  借用原文：the British and the Germans played a relatively small role

• D)答非所问录音里 Japan 出现在 helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia——它是法国、美国"帮助开办电影"的对象国之一，是被带动方，根本不是"带头发明与推广"的国家。选 Japan. 属于把"被传播地"错当成"传播主导者"。

  借用原文：helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia

According to the talk, what can we learn about the film market back then?

结论句 achieved a dominant position。答案句是第 3 段的一句明确结论：the Americans achieved a dominant position on the world market by the start of the First World War——主语美国、谓语 achieved a dominant position(取得主导地位)、时间 by the start of the First World War(一战开始之时)三要素齐全，是一句可直接对选项的事实陈述句。

• the Americans achieved a dominant position↔The United States had a leading positiondominant position=leading position
• by the start of the First World War↔by the start of World War IFirst World War=World War I

• B)与原文相反录音说 The centre of film-making had moved westwards, to Hollywood——制片中心是"西移"到好莱坞。选项 moved eastwards from Hollywood to New York 把方向改成"东移"、且说成"从好莱坞到纽约"，方向与起讫全反。它盗用了 centre of film-making、Hollywood 等原词来制造"听过"的错觉。

  借用原文：The centre of film-making had moved westwards, to Hollywood

• C)与原文相反录音原话是 Faced with total Hollywood domination, few film industries proved competitive——"几乎没有(few)电影业能与好莱坞竞争"。选项 Many film industries could compete 把 few(几乎没有)换成 Many(许多)，意思整个反掉。它盗用了 film industries、compete、Hollywood 等原词钓人。

  借用原文：few film industries proved competitive

• D)偷换概念录音讲 in Russia and in Japan the development of the cinema took place in conditions of commercial isolation——俄、日是在"商业孤立"的条件下发展电影，是被隔绝、不利的状态。选项 The film markets of Russia and Japan were the only promising ones 却说它们是"唯一有前景的"，把"孤立"硬拗成"被看好"，并加了原文没有的 only。盗用了 Russia、Japan 原词。

  借用原文：in Russia and in Japan the development of the cinema took place in conditions of commercial isolation

What is the speaker's attitude towards the film industry?

通篇客观陈述、无褒贬语气。态度题的"信号"不是某个词，而是全篇口吻：录音从头到尾都是 the British and the Germans played a relatively small role、few film industries proved competitive 这类摆事实、讲历史的客观陈述，全程没有出现 great、terrible、unfortunately、I think 等说话人个人褒贬，语气始终中立平实。

• By protecting their own market and pursuing a vigorous export policy, the Americans achieved a dominant position↔Neutral.客观陈述=中立态度

• A)偷换概念Indifferent. 是"漠不关心、无所谓"，含"懒得理会"的意味。但说话人花大量笔墨细致梳理各国电影业发展(如 the Americans achieved a dominant position)，态度是认真投入的，谈不上"漠不关心"。它与 Neutral 都"无明显情绪"，最易混。
• B)过度推断Biased. 是"有偏见、偏袒"。但说话人对各国一视同仁地陈述——既说 above all the French 领先，也客观指出 the British and the Germans played a relatively small role，没有刻意拔高或贬低某国，不存在偏袒。
• C)与原文相反Negative. 是"否定、消极"，要选它须有明显的批评或唱衰口吻。但全篇开头反而说电影史是 unparalleled expansion and growth(空前的扩张与发展)，整体平实甚至略带肯定，绝无消极否定的语气。

  借用原文：unparalleled expansion and growth