2020年12月·第2套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析

What are the speakers mainly talking about?

开篇点题 + 全段反复出现。对话第一句女方就用 Unlike any video game I've ever played before 与 this driving simulator 点出核心物『电子游戏 / 驾驶模拟器』，之后每一段两人都围着这款游戏说（P2 介绍它、P3 评价它、P4 看它的直播、P5 由它联想行业），首尾贯穿正是主旨题的定位信号。

• this driving simulator↔A video game.上位词概括

• A)原词陷阱A driving test. 蹭了对话里反复出现的 driving 一词，还呼应了后面男方报名的 a safe driving course，但全段主聊的是游戏，driving course / test 只是末尾延伸的一个点，不是『主要』在谈的内容。

  借用原文：a safe driving course

• C)原词陷阱Traffic routes. 借了男方 The routes go through parts of the country 与女方 traffic on the road 里的原词，但路线、交通只是游戏带来的细节感受之一，远不能概括整段主题。

  借用原文：The routes go through parts of the country

• D)原词陷阱Cargo logistics. 直接搬了女方 the logistics industry、cargo logistics 的原词，但物流业只是玩游戏后引发的一个联想话题，不是两人从头谈到尾的核心物。

  借用原文：cargo logistics

What does the man say about the driving simulator?

被问者男方的直接应答。本题问男方的说法，答案就落在男方开口评价游戏的那句 I was surprised to find how educational and realistic it was；surprised to find（惊讶地发现）带明显的个人评价语气，是男方对游戏定性的直接表态，正是细节题该锁定的应答句。

• how educational and realistic it was↔He found it instructive and realistic.近义词替换 educational=instructive
• I was surprised to find↔He found it instructive and realistic.动词 find 对应表态

• B)原词陷阱He bought it when touring Europe. 蹭了游戏名 It's called Euro Truck Simulator 里的 Euro（欧洲），制造『他在欧洲旅游时买的』假象；但录音从没说他『购买』，只说是哥哥介绍的，touring Europe 纯属虚构。

  借用原文：It's called Euro Truck Simulator

• C)偷换概念He was really drawn to its other versions. 借了录音 they have other versions as well 的原词，但男方紧接着说 I was really drawn to the scenery——他被吸引的是『风景 scenery』，不是『其他版本 other versions』，选项把吸引对象偷换了。

  借用原文：I was really drawn to the scenery

• D)张冠李戴He introduced it to his brother last year. 搬了录音 My brother introduced it to me last year 的全部原词，却把方向反转——录音是『哥哥介绍给他』，选项说成『他介绍给哥哥』，谁介绍给谁正好颠倒。

  借用原文：My brother introduced it to me last year

What does the woman say she really appreciates?

态度信号词 really appreciate。女方亲口说 I really appreciate all the details that go into the game，really appreciate 是直白的『看重』信号，紧跟其后的 all the details 就是她真正欣赏的对象；这种态度词后紧接的宾语正是细节题的答案落点。

• all the details that go into the game↔The details in the driving simulator.details 原词 + game=simulator 同指

• A)原词陷阱Traveling all over the country. 蹭了男方 parts of the country you don't normally see 里的 country，但那是男方谈被风景吸引时说的，且女方 appreciate 的是 details，不是『走遍全国』，对象与人都对不上。

  借用原文：parts of the country you don't normally see

• B)原词陷阱Driving from one city to another. 几乎照抄女方 driving from one city to another 的原词，但女方说这句是在描述游戏内容『就是把货从 A 运到 B』，紧接着才说她真正欣赏的是 details——这句是铺垫，不是 appreciate 的对象。

  借用原文：driving from one city to another

• D)偷换概念The key role of the logistics industry. 借了女方 a new appreciation for the logistics industry 的原词，但那是她欣赏 details 后『额外』生出的一个感受，且 a new appreciation 是顺带提及，本题问的 really appreciate 直接指向 details。

  借用原文：a new appreciation for the logistics industry

What outcome does the woman expect from the driving simulator?

假设 + 积极评价的期望句。女方在末段用 if it results in more drivers looking both ways…I'd say that's a positive outcome，if…I'd say that's a positive outcome 是典型的『假设带来的好结果』语气，正是 expect 的对象所在；这种带 if / positive outcome 的句子是结果题的定位信号。

• more drivers looking both ways before entering an intersection↔More people driving safely.具体行为概括为安全驾驶
• that's a positive outcome↔More people driving safely.positive outcome 印证这是她期待的结果

• A)原词陷阱Clearer road signs. 蹭了男方 obeyed all the road signs and traffic rules 里的 road signs，但那是男方描述直播玩家守规矩时说的，女方期待的是『人更小心驾驶』，不是『路标更清晰』，人和内容都不对。

  借用原文：obeyed all the road signs and traffic rules

• C)原词陷阱Stricter traffic rules. 借了男方 obeyed all the road signs and traffic rules 里的 traffic rules，但录音从没说要『更严的交规』，更没出自女方的期望句，纯属拿原词改造出的无中生有。

  借用原文：obeyed all the road signs and traffic rules

• D)答非所问More self-driving trucks on the road. 直接搬了女方 self-driving trucks may soon be available 的原词，但女方说自动驾驶卡车是在『分析行业前景』时提的客观可能，不是她对模拟器期待的 outcome；本题问的期待结果落在末段那句安全驾驶上。

  借用原文：self-driving trucks may soon be available

What does the man say about his life of being self-employed?

转折 though 后才是真意。前半 There are obvious benefits 是铺垫好处，though I don't seem to have the freedom I anticipated 里的 though 一转，转折后点出的"自由不如预期"才是男士真正想说的落点，自由职业话题里这种"先扬后抑"很典型。

• I don't seem to have the freedom I anticipated↔It doesn't seem to offer as much freedom as he anticipated第一人称原话→第三人称转述，核心词不变

• A)未提及男士只说 There are obvious benefits（有明显好处），并未评价它"不如预期那么 enjoyable"，It isn't so enjoyable as he expected. 是把"有好处"歪曲成"不够享受"，无中生有。
• B)原词陷阱男士确实提到 money alone provides insufficient motivation（光靠钱动力不足），但这说的是"钱"不够激励，不是"自雇本身不如他想的那么 motivating"，It isn't so motivating as he believed. 借了 motivation 这个原词来骗"听到就想选"。

  借用原文：money alone provides insufficient motivation

• C)原词陷阱录音里 money 只出现在 money alone provides insufficient motivation，谈的是"动力"不是"收入多少"；It doesn't enable him to earn as much money as he used to. 凭空编出"赚得没以前多"的比较，原文从未涉及收入升降。

  借用原文：money alone provides insufficient motivation

What does the man say about managers?

范围词 not every／not all 直接定调。男士连用 Not every manager behaves with such awareness and care 和 not all managers have a clue how to motivate people，两个"not every/not all"是部分否定，明确说"并非全部"，这正是范围题的答案信号。

• not all managers have a clue how to motivate people↔Not all of them know how to motivate their employees.have a clue=know，people=employees，范围词原样保留

• A)偷换概念录音说 Not every manager behaves with such awareness and care，讲的是"并非每位经理都有觉察与关怀"，而非 Not all of them care about their employees' behaviors."不在意员工的行为"——care 的对象被偷换：原文是经理自己有没有 care，选项变成"在不在意员工的 behaviors"。

  借用原文：Not every manager behaves with such awareness and care

• B)与原文相反选项 Few of them are aware of their employees' feelings. 用 Few（几乎没有）替换了原文的 not all（并非全部），范围被大幅夸大；且 awareness 原文修饰的是经理的觉察，不是专门"察觉员工 feelings"。

  借用原文：Not every manager behaves with such awareness and care

• C)张冠李戴Few of them offer praise and reward to their employees. 里的 praise 来自女士那句 There's no one around to offer praise，谈的是"自雇者身边没人给表扬"，并非男士对"经理群体"的概括，且又把范围说成 Few，张冠李戴又改范围。

  借用原文：There's no one around to offer praise

What do both speakers value most about self-employment?

最高级 value most 直接点名。女士说 The motivator I value most is autonomy，value most 是最高级强调，直接把"最看重的"点成 autonomy；男士随后在第6段附和"我选择这种生活方式正是为了 independence（独立）"，双方一致，正合题干 both speakers。

• The motivator I value most is autonomy↔Autonomy.答案句直接念出原词 autonomy

• A)未提及全篇没有任何一句说双方"最看重 job satisfaction"，Job satisfaction. 是听起来贴题却未被点名的合理项，属无中生有。
• B)原词陷阱Self-awareness. 借了第4段 Not every manager behaves with such awareness and care 里的 awareness 一词，但那是说经理的觉察，跟"两人最看重什么"毫无关系。

  借用原文：Not every manager behaves with such awareness and care

• D)与原文相反money 在录音里出现于 money alone provides insufficient motivation，恰恰是说"光靠钱动力不够"，与"最看重 money"相反，Money. 是典型听到原词就误选的陷阱。

  借用原文：money alone provides insufficient motivation

On what point does the man agree with the woman?

表态词 You're right 后承接的观点。男士开口 You're right 明确表示赞同，紧接着复述他认同的那件事 building closer relationships with those who engage my services and skills，表态词后承接的内容就是"他同意的那一点"。

• building closer relationships with those who engage my services and skills↔The importance of cultivating close relationships with clients.those who engage my services=clients，building=cultivating

• B)张冠李戴The need for getting recommendations from their managers. 里的 recommendations 来自女士第7段 getting written testimony and recommendations，但那是从客户处获取，选项偷改成"从经理处获取"，而自雇者根本没有经理，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：getting written testimony and recommendations

• C)与原文相反录音里 permanent full-time employment 出现在男士 I don't miss aspects of permanent full-time employment I disliked，他说的是"不怀念全职的那些方面"，与"全职的优点"恰恰相反，The advantages of permanent full-time employment. 反了向。

  借用原文：I don't miss aspects of permanent full-time employment I disliked

• D)张冠李戴The way to explore employees' interests and talents. 里的 interests and talents 来自女士第3段 no one to make greater use of our interests and talents，谈的是自雇者没人来发掘自己的兴趣才能，并非男士"赞同"的那一点，张冠李戴又偏题。

  借用原文：no one to make greater use of our interests and talents

What do we learn about the findings of the new study?

点题动词 reveals 引出发现。开头段用 a new study reveals how sunny and snowy conditions influence consumer behavior，reveals（揭示）是典型的科研报道点题信号，紧跟其后的就是研究的核心发现，这是主旨题的标准落点。

• sunny and snowy conditions influence consumer behavior↔Weather conditions influence consumers' buying behavior上位词概括 + 同词换说

• A)答非所问A 说消费者 "想象不同天气下的活动"，这只是后文解释机制时提到的 mentally visualize using products 一个环节，不是研究的总发现，犯了以偏概全。

  借用原文：trigger consumers to mentally visualize using products

• B)偷换概念B 把范围缩到 Good weather（好天气），又把落点改成 desire to go shopping（想去逛街）；录音讲的是 sunny and snowy（晴和雪）都起作用、影响的是 buying behavior（购买行为）而非逛街冲动，范围和落点都被偷改。

  借用原文：weather conditions trigger consumers

• D)与原文相反D 说消费者心理 "随商品价格变化"，把因果调了头；录音是天气→心理→愿付更高价（placing a higher value on those products），价格是结果不是原因，方向正好相反。

  借用原文：placing a higher value on those products

What does the passage say may increase the value of products for consumers?

结果动词 increases the value 锁定。原文 This mental picture of using the towel increases the value of the product 直接出现题干要找的 increases the value，其主语 mental picture（心理画面）就是提升价值的原因，结果动词前的主语即答案。

• This mental picture of using the towel↔Mental visualization形象说法换术语

• A)未提及A 的 Active consumption（积极消费）录音从未出现，是临场看着 consumer 一词联想出来的干扰，与提升价值的机制无关。
• B)原词陷阱录音确有 the correlation is only found with products related to being outside，B 盗用 correlation（相关性）这个原词；但 correlation 描述的是 "天气与户外用品的关联范围"，不是 "提升价值的机制"，听到原词就选会中招。

  借用原文：the correlation is only found with products

• C)原词陷阱录音第 4 段有 a positive association with outside activities，C 盗用 association（联想 / 关联）原词，又加上 Individual（个体的）；但原文说的是天气与户外活动的关联，不是 "个体联想" 提升价值，词在、意思偏。

  借用原文：a positive association with outside activities

How can the findings of the new study benefit online sellers according to the researchers?

对象词 + would allow them to 引出好处。录音点到对象 Online sellers 后，用 Incorporating more data about weather would allow them to make better decisions 给出好处；would allow them to（能让他们……）是 "好处 / 用途" 的信号词，紧随的就是答案内容。

• determine what products to feature and how to price these products↔determine what to sell and at what price近义同构改写
• would allow them to make better decisions↔Helping them determinemake better decisions = helping determine

• A)原词陷阱A 盗用 mathematical formulas 原词，却说成 simplify their mathematical formulas（简化公式）；录音是卖家 use complex...formulas、再往里 incorporating more data（加进更多数据），是 "加数据" 不是 "简化公式"，方向相反。

  借用原文：use complex mathematical formulas

• C)张冠李戴C 说让卖家 sell at a higher price（卖得更贵），这其实拿的是前文消费者 willing to pay more money 的内容；本题问的是研究对卖家的好处——帮其决策，而非直接抬价，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：they're willing to pay more money for them

• D)未提及D 说帮卖家 advertise a greater variety of products（推广更多种类产品），录音只在开头提 companies that sell a wide array of products（卖品类多的公司适用），但从未说研究帮他们 "打广告" 或 "增加品类"，属无中生有。

  借用原文：companies that sell a wide array of products online

What is the accepted wisdom concerning the office environment?

accepted wisdom 后跟的同位语就是公认看法。信号是原文里 the accepted wisdom that a cool office is more productive 中 accepted wisdom 这个词，它后面 that 引出的内容正是题目要的公认看法。虽然句子用 But challenged 在反驳它，但被反驳的对象本身才是 accepted wisdom 的内容。

• a cool office is more productive↔A cool office will boost employees' productivitymore productive 改写成 boost productivity

• A)未提及A naturally ventilated office is more comfortable. 把自然通风和更舒适挂钩，但原文谈的是空调与生产力，并未说自然通风的办公室更舒适，属未提及。
• C)原词陷阱Office air-conditioning should follow guidebooks. 借用了原文 Numerous guidebooks 里念到的 guidebooks 一词，听到 guidebooks 就想选；但原文只是说很多指南声称 22 度效率最高，并没有提出空调应当遵循指南这一主张，属答非所问。

  借用原文：Numerous guidebooks across the world on heating, ventilation and air-conditioning claim office performance peaks at 22 degrees

• D)偷换概念Air-conditioning improves ventilation in the office. 借了原文 ventilation 一词，但原文 ventilation 只是出现在 heating, ventilation and air-conditioning 这个并列短语里，从没说空调能改善通风，把不相干的两个词强行拼成因果，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：heating, ventilation and air-conditioning

What did researchers find from their review of all studies relating to air-conditioning and productivity?

but 转折后的 a range 是结论落点。信号是 But there is a range 里的 But。前面说人们总爱追求唯一的最佳温度，But 之后才是研究者要纠正的真意：存在一个温度范围。转折后的内容才是答案句。

• there is a range of at least three to four degrees↔There is a range of temperatures for people to feel comfortable区间表述对区间表述
• an optimal range would be between 23 and 26 degrees↔for people to feel comfortable舒适区改写成感到舒适

• A)偷换概念People in their comfort zone of temperature are more satisfied with their productivity. 借用了原文的 comfort zone，但原文说舒适区的作用是不产生不良影响，从没说处在舒适区的人对自己的生产力更满意，satisfied with their productivity 是原文没有的说法，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：people can even tolerate temperatures beyond this comfort zone

• B)未提及People in different countries vary in their tolerance to uncomfortable temperatures. 提到不同国家的人耐受度不同，但原文谈的是温度范围与适应，全程没有提到国家之间的差异，属未提及。
• C)与原文相反Twenty-two degrees is the optimal temperature for office workers. 借了原文反复念到的 22 度，听到 22 就想选；但原文研究者的发现恰恰是 22 degrees was probably a little chilly，22 度偏凉，最佳范围是 23 到 26 度，所以说 22 度是最佳值与原文相反。

  借用原文：22 degrees was probably a little chilly, even at the height of summer

What do we learn about using a little less air-conditioning during hot weather?

does not have any adverse impact 是后果的否定信号。信号是原文的含蓄否定 does not have any adverse impact（没有任何不良影响）。题干问热天少开空调（即把温度调高一点）会怎样，紧接其前的 it makes sense to turn the air-conditioning up 正是这个做法，其后果就是不产生不良影响。

• does not have any adverse impact↔It will have no negative impact on workadverse 等于 negative

• B)未提及It will be immediately noticeable. 说会立刻被察觉，但原文只说没有不良影响，从没谈这个变化是否能立即被感知，属未提及。
• C)与原文相反It will sharply decrease work efficiency. 说会急剧降低工作效率，与原文 does not have any adverse impact（无不良影响）正好相反，把无害说成大害，方向反了。

  借用原文：which does not have any adverse impact

• D)与原文相反It will cause a lot of discomfort. 说会造成很多不适，但原文说人们能适应、且无不良影响，并未说热天少开空调会带来大量不适，方向与原文相反。

  借用原文：people can even tolerate temperatures beyond this comfort zone

What happens when people are used to an air-conditioned environment?

If 条件句与题干 when 对应，主句即后果。信号是原文 If they're used to the environment which is air-conditioned 这个 If 条件，与题干 when 习惯空调环境完全对应，紧跟的主句 they tend to prefer lower temperatures 就是答案句。

• they tend to prefer lower temperatures↔They tend to favor lower temperaturesprefer 等于 favor

• B)未提及They suffer from rapid temperature changes. 说他们受快速温度变化之苦，但原文只说他们偏好低温、并能逐渐适应新温度，从没提急剧温变带来痛苦，属未提及。
• C)原词陷阱They are not bothered by temperature extremes. 借用了原文 the extreme ends of the temperature range 里的 extreme，听到就想选；但原文恰恰说在极端温度处人们的生产力会受损，并非不受困扰，与原文相反。

  借用原文：It was only at the extreme ends of the temperature range where people's productivity suffered

• D)偷换概念They become less sensitive to high temperatures. 说他们对高温变得不敏感，原文虽提到人会适应新温度，但本题对应句说的是偏好更低温度，而非对高温迟钝，把适应偷换成对高温脱敏，方向也与偏好低温不符，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：almost all humans became accustomed to the new temperature

What is one of the criticisms directed at the early research on solitude?

列举信号 Also 引出第二条缺陷。第二段先说旧研究 It had a couple of shortcomings（有几处不足），再用 First 和 Also 逐条列出；Also, it categorized emotions as simply positive or negative 正是第二条缺陷，列举词 Also 就是答案句的信号。

• categorized emotions as simply positive or negative↔classified emotions simply as either positive or negativecategorized 同义改写为 classified

• A)答非所问emotions may be controlled 听着像录音里 people can use solitude to regulate their emotions（用独处调节情绪）的可控之意，但那是末段讲新研究的启示，不是早期研究的缺陷，属答非所问。

  借用原文：people can use solitude to regulate their emotions

• B)未提及emotions are personal and subjective 谈情绪的私人性与主观性，录音批评早期研究时只说它简单分类、未独立测量正负情绪，从头到尾没提主观、私人这一层，是无中生有。
• D)与原文相反measured positive and negative emotions independently 盗用了原文 our positive and negative emotions can fluctuate independently 里的 independently，但原文是说旧研究恰恰忽略了正负情绪可独立波动这一点，D 却说旧研究独立测量了，正好说反。

  借用原文：overlooking the possibility that our positive and negative emotions can fluctuate independently

What do we learn about the results of the new research?

结果信号 The results were clear 后接 showed reductions。第三段先点明研究对象是 high-arousal emotions（高唤醒情绪），随后用 The results were clear 拉出结果，showed reductions in both types of emotion 即结论；results were clear 与 showed 就是答案句信号。

• showed reductions in both types of emotion↔had a reductive effect on high-arousal emotionsreductions 名词改成 reductive effect
• the effect of solitude on high-arousal emotions↔high-arousal emotions实验对象原词对应

• A)原词陷阱really distressing 盗用了原文 being scared or distressed 里的 distressed，但原文只是把 distressed 当作所测的一种负面情绪举例，并没说独坐这件事本身令人痛苦，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：negative emotions including being scared or distressed

• B)张冠李戴adversely affected the participants' mental well-being 听着像末段 negative physical and psychological effects，但那是讲长期孤独 prolonged loneliness 的危害，而本研究测的是短暂独处、结果是削弱情绪，并非损害健康，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：the latter is correlated with an assortment of negative physical and psychological effects

• C)未提及made the participants restless 用了原文 the participants 这个词，但录音从没说参与者变得焦躁不安 restless，结果只是情绪下降；restless 是无中生有的负面反应。

  借用原文：They asked participants to spend 15 minutes sitting alone

What did the second experiment in the new research find about solitude?

实验切换信号 A second study 引出新段结论。第四段以 A second study 切到第二个实验，对象是 low-arousal emotions（低唤醒情绪），随后 found that all of these emotions were increased by time alone 给出发现；A second study 与 found 就是答案句信号。

• all of these emotions were increased by time alone↔It helped increase low-arousal emotionswere increased 被动改成 helped increase 主动
• the effects of solitude on low-arousal emotions↔low-arousal emotions实验对象原词对应

• A)偷换概念proved hard to depict objectively 谈低唤醒情绪难以客观刻画，原文虽提过 past depictions of solitude were wrong 含 depict 一词，但说的是过去对独处的描述有误，不是说情绪难以客观描述，属偷换概念加未提及。

  借用原文：past depictions of solitude were wrong

• B)原词陷阱went hand in hand with sadness 盗用了原文 feeling calm, relaxed, sad or lonely 里的 sad，但原文只是把 sad 列为所测低唤醒情绪之一，并没说独处与悲伤相伴，属以偏概全。

  借用原文：such as feeling calm, relaxed, sad or lonely

• D)偷换概念tended to intensify negative emotions 中 intensify 对应原文 It amplifies quieter emotions 的增强义，但原文增强的是 quieter / low-arousal emotions（低唤醒情绪，含正负两类），D 却把对象缩成 negative emotions，偷换了增强的对象。

  借用原文：It amplifies quieter emotions, but it diminishes the intensity of stronger feelings

What do we learn about the brain when the body is at rest?

条件状语 + 数字落点。录音以 when the body is at rest 这个条件状语开头，与题干前提逐字对上，紧接着的数字 20% to 25% 就是答案落点——条件词一出现、数字一念出，这句即答案句。

• 20% to 25% of the body's overall energy↔almost a quarter of the body's total energy比例换算成 a quarter

• A)原词陷阱A 拿录音后文出现过的「深度思考」做文章，说静止时耗能远少于深度思考时；但答案句问的是静止时的具体比例，录音并未在此处做这种「静止 vs 深思」的耗能对比，属听到 deep thinking 就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：deep thinking will not burn off the calories

• B)与原文相反B 说大脑静止时「不活跃、几乎不烧卡路里」，但答案句明说静止时大脑就消耗高达 20% to 25% 的总能量，是「最耗能的器官」，与 B 的「inactive、不显著烧卡」正好相反。

  借用原文：the brain uses up a startling 20% to 25% of the body's overall energy

• C)原词陷阱C 借用录音里的 burn up calories，说大脑持续烧卡路里「帮我们保持身材」；但「帮保持身材/减肥」是录音用反问引出后又否定的说法（deep thinking will not burn off the calories），并非静止时大脑的事实，属盗用原词又错配结论。

  借用原文：Elite players can reportedly burn up to an absurd 6,000 calories in one day

What does the speaker say about the consumption of the brain's energy?

占比措辞 most of / a lot of + 关联否定。录音用 most of what uses up the brain's energy 点出消耗的「大部分」，再用 unrelated to conscious activities 给这大部分定性——「占比词 + 关联否定」两个信号叠在一句，正是给能量去向定性的答案句。

• A lot of that activity is unrelated to conscious activities↔Much of the consumption has nothing to do with conscious activitiesunrelated to = has nothing to do with
• most of what uses up the brain's energy↔Much of the consumptionmost of ↔ Much of 概括对应

• B)答非所问B 说耗能「取决于所涉活动的难度」，借的是录音 cognitively difficult tasks 的难度概念；但本题问的是大脑总能量消耗的去向，录音明说难任务带来的额外耗能其实「相对极小」（comparatively tiny），并非耗能整体取决于难度，属答非所问。

  借用原文：Technically, the answer is yes, for cognitively difficult tasks

• C)与原文相反C 说「主动学习的耗能占很大一部分」，盗用了录音里的学习例子；但答案句恰恰把唱歌弹吉他这类有意识学习划为「无关、且占小头」（unrelated to conscious activities），C 把占比方向说反了。

  借用原文：learning how to sing or play the guitar

• D)原词陷阱D 说「相当一部分能量用于完成困难的认知任务」，搬来录音的 difficult cognitive tasks；但录音说为多想一点而额外花的能量「相对极小」（comparatively tiny），并非占相当一部分，是盗用原词后把占比夸大。

  借用原文：the energy required just to think harder is actually comparatively tiny

What do we learn about the overall energy availability in the brain?

转折 But + 术语原词。录音先说大脑能给活跃区域调配血液能量，再用转折 But 一转，正面给出 the overall energy availability in the brain is thought to be constant——转折后的这句与题干术语逐字对上，是答案句；转折信号提示真意在后半句。

• the overall energy availability in the brain is thought to be constant↔It is believed to remain basically constantthought to be = believed to remain

• B)过度推断B 说它是「任何心理活动的前提」，录音并未把整体能量供应说成 any mental activity 的先决条件，only 提到能量在区域间调配；B 用 any 拔高成绝对判断，属无中生有的推断。
• C)原词陷阱C 说它「有助于缓解精神疲劳」，借了录音末段的 mental exhaustion；但录音只是说棋手消瘦主要源于压力和进食减少、而非精神耗竭，从未说总能量供应能「缓解疲劳」，属盗用原词又凭空安结论。

  借用原文：it mostly comes down to stress and reduced food consumption, not mental exhaustion

• D)张冠李戴D 说它「与食物摄入有关」，盗用录音末段的 food consumption；但 reduced food consumption 是录音用来解释棋手为何消瘦的，与「大脑整体能量供应恒定」这一判定无关，属把别处的词安到本题对象上。

  借用原文：reduced food consumption

What does the speaker say about the job interview question "tell me about yourself"?

转折 but 之后才是真意。句子前半 may seem like an easy job interview question 是铺垫，真正态度在转折词 but 之后：the open-ended nature of this question often leaves job seekers at a loss where to start。听到 but 就知道前半是陪衬、后半才是落点。

• leaves job seekers at a loss where to start↔Job seekers often feel at a loss where to start in answering it近乎原句的同义改写

• A)未提及选项称 Job candidates rarely take it seriously，但原文恰恰说这是"a critical test"、要认真准备，根本没有"不当回事"的意思，属凭空捏造。
• B)与原文相反选项说 Job seekers tend to have a ready answer（有现成答案），正好与原文"often leaves job seekers at a loss"（常常无从下手）相反，是把说话人的判断反了过来。

  借用原文：often leaves job seekers at a loss where to start

• D)原词陷阱选项 Job candidates can respond freely due to its open-ended nature 盗用了原文原词 the open-ended nature，但原文说"开放性"带来的是"无从下手"，不是"可自由作答"，听到 open-ended 就选正中陷阱。

  借用原文：the open-ended nature of this question often leaves job seekers at a loss

What will most people do when they come to a job interview?

主语 most people 的直接陈述。信号是题干主语 most people 在原文原样出现，紧跟其后的 recite things that are already on their résumé 就是这群人的实际动作，定位干脆。

• recite things that are already on their résumé↔Repeat the information on their resume同义词替换 recite=repeat

• A)原词陷阱选项 Follow their career coaches' guidelines 盗用了原文 professional career coaches 这一原词，但原文只说教练会"准备/指导"，从没说大多数人"遵循教练指南"，与题干 most people 的实际动作无关。

  借用原文：professional career coaches prepare people for

• B)张冠李戴选项 take control of their narrative 直接搬原文原句 take control of the narrative，但那是说话人推荐"应该"做的，而题干问的是 most people "实际"做的，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：take control of the narrative

• C)未提及选项 Do their best to impress the interviewer 在原文里找不到对应句，说话人没说大多数人会"努力打动面试官"，属凭空添加。

Why should job seekers talk with partners, friends and co-workers?

目的状语 To… 在前点明意图。句首的目的状语 To come up with multiple career accomplishments or examples for different interview questions 直接交代了"和他人聊"的目的，是典型的目的信号，听到句首 To do 就知道后面动作的原因在这。

• examples for different interview questions↔To produce examples for different interview questions近原句改写 come up with=produce

• A)原词陷阱选项 To reflect on their past achievements as well as failures 借了原文 getting reflective about what made their career accomplishments 的 reflective/accomplishments，但原文只谈"成就"，从未提 failures，且"反思"是讲怎么编故事，不是"和朋友聊"的目的。

  借用原文：getting reflective about what made their career accomplishments something they're proud of

• C)未提及选项 To discuss important details they are going to present 在原文里没有对应：原文说和他人聊是为了"想出例子"，不是"讨论要展示的重要细节"，属无中生有。
• D)与原文相反选项 To identify a broad general strength to elaborate on 直接搬原文 pick a broad general strength to elaborate on，但原文前面有否定 shouldn't——这是叫人"别"挑笼统优点，被选项正话反说成"目的"。

  借用原文：Candidates shouldn't pick a broad general strength to elaborate on

What other important preparations should job seekers make before an interview?

顺序词 Secondly 引出第二要点。信号是顺序词 Secondly，它接着第三段的"First"列出第二项准备：know what's at stake for the company with this job opening，顺着顺序词就能锁定本题答案段。

• know what's at stake for the company with this job opening↔Finding out why the company provides the job opening概括改写 + 同义词替换

• A)未提及选项 Getting acquainted with the human resources personnel 在原文里没有任何对应，说话人没提"结识人力资源人员"，属凭空添加。
• C)与原文相反选项 Figuring out what benefits the company is able to offer them 说"弄清公司能给你什么福利"，但原文紧接着说 Tell me why you are going to help me，强调的是"你能帮公司什么"，方向恰好相反。

  借用原文：Tell me why you are going to help me

• D)原词陷阱选项 Tailoring their expectations to the company's long-term goal 借了原文反复出现的 company，又把第五段的 tailored to their audience 里的 tailor 搬过来拼凑，但原文从未让人"按公司长期目标调整期望"，是张冠李戴的拼装。

  借用原文：keep their career story focused and tailored to their audience